1. France’s Beginnings in the New World
Samuel de Champlain- Founds Quebec in 1608
Befriends the Huron Indians and helps them against the Iroquois. Earns the French a very formidable enemy
Had colonies in the Caribbean and in Canada

2. Spread of French Influence
French fur-trappers (coureurs de bois) spread out across the continent (Terre Haute, Baton Rouge, Des Moines)
Spread of the fur trade takes the French across the Great Lakes, into Central and Western Canada, and into the Great Plains from Missouri and Arkansas to the Rockies
Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, but mostly failed. Exploring and map-making were two of their most important roles

3. Other French Explorations
Antoine Cadillac (1701)- founder of Detroit
Robert de La Salle (1682)- goes down the Mississippi River to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico. Names the land Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV
Found New Orleans in 1718.
Allows the French to send grain from Illinois down the Mississippi for export

4. Map 6.1: France's American Empire at Its Greatest Extent, 1700
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5. Early Wars
King William’s War ( ) and Queen Anne’s War ( )
British colonists against French coureurs de bois
Guerrilla warfare tactics
Native Americans ally with the French to harass British settlements on the frontier
Spanish ally with France to harass South Carolina settlements
Treaty of Utrecht ends the wars
England gets Nova Scotia, Newfounland, and the Hudson Bay area

6. Map 6.3: British Territory After Two Wars, 1713
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7. Important legacy of the Treaty of Utrecht
40 years of peace between the British and French
During this period, the British pretty much ignore the colonies (“salutary neglect”)
British win some trading rights in Spanish America, but this causes problems with smuggling and leads to the War of Jenkins’s Ear

8. King George’s War
War of Jenkins’s Ear merges with the War of Austrian succession in Europe to form King George’s War in the Americas ( )
France allies with Spain…again.
New Englanders invade into New France…again.
They capture the French fort of Louisbourg, overlooking the St. Lawrence River
Peace treaty in 1748 gives the fort back to the French, the New Englanders are beyond mad

9. Conflict with the French…Again
Competition between the French and British over the Ohio Valley
Group of Virginians lay claim to 500,000 acres in the upper Ohio Valley (Western PA and Eastern OH
The French had already begun building forts along the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers, most notably Fort Duquesne

10. George Washington comes on the scene
George Washington sent with 150 militiamen to secure the huge claim of land
Virginians open fire on a small group of French troops and kill their leader
French attack Washington’s troops at Fort Necessity and force him to surrender.
The Seven Years War (French and Indian War) had begun.
The British forces the Acadians in Nova Scotia to leave. Cajuns in Louisiana

11. French and Indian War
Major war in Europe causes the French to not be able to send enough troops to fight in the Americas
Prior to this, the Americans had shown a lack of unity in wars
1754- Albany Congress
Immediate purpose is to keep the Iroquois loyal to the British
Long-term purpose is to achieve a higher level of colonial unity for the defense against France (Franklin’s cartoon)

12. The F and I War in America
Starts off badly for the colonists
The British General Braddock loses at Fort Duquesne in Easy victory for the French and Indians
The whole frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was now open to Indian attack
Washington tries to defend the frontier with only 300 men
The British invade Canada in Should have attacked Quebec and Montreal, but they don’t so defeat after defeat occur

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Map 6.6: Events of 1755–1760
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

14. The influence of William Pitt
Makes the decision for the British to concentrate on the Quebec/Montreal portion of Canada
Louisbourg falls (again) in 1758
Quebec falls in 1759
Montreal falls in 1760, and the French are finished in Canada
Treaty of Paris 1763 ends the war, and the French are thrown off the North American continent
France cedes all of Louisiana territory to Spain
Florida given to England by Spain in return for Cuba
Great Britain is now the dominant power in North America and the dominant naval power in the world

15. The Impact on the Colonists
More confident in their military strength
Myth of British invincibility shattered
Tension and conflict between the British officers and the colonial militias
The colonists didn’t support the cause wholeheartedly. Shippers traded with the Spanish and the French West Indies during the war
Americans had to be bribed to defend the colonies against the French and Indians

16. More Impact Intercolonial disunity continues
BUT, some of the barriers are beginning to be broken down when colonial soldiers and statesmen meet during the war at various times and see all they have in common

17. Aftermath of the War
Spanish, French, and Indians much less of a threat
Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa led a group of tribes to try and drive the British out of Ohio Country
Detroit under siege in 1763
All but three British posts west of the Appalachians are taken
British react by distributing smallpox infected blankets among the Natives

18. Map 6.8: North America After 1763 (after French losses)
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19. Proclamation of 1763
British station troops west of the Appalachian Mountains
Colonists begin to move West
The Proclamation of 1763 bans settlement in the area west of the Appalachians
Angers Americans
View that Americans had fought in the war and deserved to expand West

20. Map 6.9: Settled Areas at End of French and Indian War, 1763
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