1. Reshaping of Medieval Europe
CH.10

2. I. Revival of Trade
Trade routes reopens between western Europe & the East – growth of trade (commerce)
Italian merchants vs. Byzantine Empire
Italian merchants vs. Muslim states
(Venice, Genoa, Pisa)

3. I. Revival of Trade Trade Routes Southern route – on water thru ships
2. Central route – combination of sea & land
3. Northern route – “Silk Road” overland route
Beijing - Constantinople

6. I. Revival of Trade Italy controlled Mediterranean trade
Flanders was the marketplace
(present day Belgium, France, Netherlands)

8. Ghent, Belgium

9. I. Revival of Trade Money & Banking
Past: barter system (exchange of goods)
(ex) 1 chicken = 2 barrel of wheat
Growth of trade needed a standard for buying goods
1. Commercial towns began to mint coins
(ex) “Florin”: gold coin of Florence

11. 2. Moneychangers
Different coins were used in different towns
Moneychangers judged value of coins, find counterfeit money
(modern day currency exchange)

12. Also did banking services (safekeeping money)
Even kings, nobles, popes borrowed money from them to finance projects
“bank” comes from the
Italian world “banca”
(=bench)

13. II. Growth of Towns
Merchants & craftsmen are the new social class (not nobles, farmers, or serfs)
Merchants banded together to protect their rights & gain freedom from the feudal system
“charter” = legal document stating the given rights & privileges of the merchants from the town lords

14. II. Growth of Towns Charter Free Status living a freeman
most important right
for a town
2. Exemption from manorial obligation
- No laboring for the town lord (instead paid cash to lord)

15. II. Growth of Towns 3. Town justice
Tried in the court of his town by his own town people
4. Commercial privileges
- Right to buy & sell freely in town market

17. II. Growth of Towns Guild
Guild formed to protect the common commercial interest
Prevented outside competition to do business in town & fixed prices = gain security & maximize profit
Established need institutions in town (i.e. schools, care for poor & sick)

18. Two types of guild
Merchants
Crafts
(guild for tanners, blacksmiths,
bakers, shoemakers etc.)
(Modern day example of guild)
Korea: Garak Fish Market
U.S: Screenwriters Guild (Hollywood)

19. II. Growth of Towns 3 class members Apprentice Worked under a master
Worked for his food,
lodging, training (2-7yrs)
2. Journeyman (Day-laborer)
Earned wages as a skilled-worker
Usually worked at his master’s shop

20. II. Growth of Towns 3. Master
Needed several years of experience & money to open his own shop
Took examination & oath to keep the regulation of the guild
Trained apprentices & hired journeymen

21. (n) Hanseatic League
group of guilds in 70 German cities
“Hanse” = German for guild
Had its own navy, negotiated treaties with other countries and even waged war

22. II. Growth of Towns * New social class = middle class
Composed of merchants, bankers, craftsmen
“Burgesses” = men of the town
Bourgeois (French)/ Burgers (Germany)
Had money & were energetic, mobile, independent, growing
Eventually the middle class destroys the feudal system (lord-servants) & shape a new society

23. III. Medieval Science Science – Roger Bacon (1214?-94)
Greek & Muslim science began to influence European science (accuracy thru verification)
Bacon argued for observation
& experimentation for scientific
conclusion
Wanted to rid of superstition
& mysticism

24. III. Medieval Literature
Latin was the official language of Medieval Ages (for Roman Catholic Church, universities, government)
Not spoken language; people spoke their regional language
12C writers wrote in
“vernacular”
=common spoken
language

25. III. Medieval Literature
“Troubadours” (= traveling musicians) would perform poetry from town to town (theme: chivalry, love)
Popularized King Arthur & the Knights of the Round Table

26. European popular writers
Dante Alighieri (Italian; Divine Comedy, Inferno)
Geoffrey Chaucer (English; Canterbury Tales)

27. IV. Emergence of National States
Nation-state emerged
King ruling a group of people having a common language, tradition, culture, religion (national pride)
Rise of national monarchies
Feudalism gradually declined; instead royal power increased
By 1500 major states established

28. Hundred Years’ War ( )
War between France & England
French king tried to take over Flanders
(important commercial area)