1. Early Empires of South Asia

2. Identifying Essential Information
Read pages
Using any note taking technique we have used in class
Identify
Accomplishments
Leaders
Decline
of the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire

3. Maurya Empire From 321-200 BC – Northern Plain
Chandragupta Maurya founded empire
Major Accomplishments
Government – tax collecting, trade, military
Architecture – buildings, palaces
Economy – irrigation, trade
Religion – spread of Buddhism

5. Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.
Brought empire to height of its power

7. Asoka: 269B.C -232 B.C. Brought empire to height of its power
Military power
He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the mass deaths of the war of Kalinga
Tolerance “All faiths deserve to be honored for one reason or another”
Promoted Buddhism: spread to missionaries to China and Southeast Asia = diffusion

8. Asoka
The four animals in the Lion Capital are believed to symbolize different phases in Lord Buddha’s life.. National Emblem of India
Sanchi Gate and Stupa, built at time of Asoka

9. Decline After Asoka’s death empire lasted 50 more years
Followed by 500 years of unrest for many invaders

10. Gupta Empire From 320-535 AD – Northern India Leader: Chandragupta I
Trade = Peace and prosperity
Leader: Chandragupta I
Major Accomplishments
Government – organization
Art & Architecture – buildings, palaces, paintings of daily life, literature
Mathematics – “0”, size/shape earth, Arabic numerals
Trade – with Arabs = diffusion

11. Decline Conquered by the Huns from Central Asia
1000 years of fighting among rival Indian princes

12. Muslim Expansion into India
**Second significant migration to
South Asia

13. Expansion Starting in 600’s Muslim invaders to South Asia
Mongols, Turks, Afghans, Persians

14. Delhi Sultans (Muslim ruling monarch) From 1200-1500
No forced conversion – special taxes (jizya) on non-Muslims
Major Accomplishments
Government – toleration, military, services (education, irrigation, hospitals)
Sultan Firuz Tughlak
Architecture – buildings, palaces
Economy – irrigation, trade with Middle East
Religion – Islam; cause of future conflicts

15. Mongol Invasion 1398 – Tamerlane – Destroyed and left
Timur the Lame
Destroyed and left
“The lightning speed with which Tamerlane’s armies struck Delhi was prompted by their desire to escape the stench of rotting corpses they were leaving behind them.
Sultans back in power for short time but fragmented

16. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISLAM AND HINDUISM
Hinduism- Polytheistic, worship many gods, caste system, born into the religion- no idea of conversion, diet, and the cow is sacred, no founder
Islam- Monotheistic, worship one God, strict creed, all people are seen as equal under the eyes of God, dietary restrictions proselytizers-seek to convert others.
Resulted in conflict and destruction

17. Mughal Empire Persian word for Mongol Last Muslim Empire in South Asia
1527 – 1800’s: at height united most of South Asia
Founded by Babur – Battle of Panipat

18. Akbar the Great

20. Akbar the Great – 1556-1605 Golden Age of Mughal Empire
Ruling innovations - compromise
religious toleration
Eliminated tax on non-Muslims
Hindus in government
Supported Hindu poets/artists
Cultural Blending
Architecture – Indian style
Urdu: language – Hindi and Persian

21. Akbar the Great –
Divine Faith: combination of several faiths – universal religion
Hope to end religious conflict
Died with Akbar
No mass conversion to Islam

23. Taj Mahal Shah Jahan – Akbar’s grandson
Agra – mausoleum to his wife Mumtaz Mahal

25. Taj Mahal Mosque
Virtual Tour

26. Taj Mahal
Year of Construction: 1631 Completed In: 1653 Time Taken: 22 years Built By: Shah Jahan Dedicated to: Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Bano Begum), the wife of Shah Jahan Location: Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Building Type: Islamic tomb

27. Shah Jahan

28. Taj Mahal

29. Results of Mughal Diversity is the norm Cultural blending
Separation will be emphasized

30. Mughal Decline By 1700’s Wasteful spending Loss of tolerance
Tax on Hindus, closed Hindu schools, Hindus out of government
Hindu princes revolted
Civil war among Muslim princes
All weakened empire = opened the door for Europeans
British East Indian Company

31. Identify similarities between the Empires
Maurya, Gupta, Mughal