1. Moving to the City
1860-early 1900’s

2. Growing Cities Immigrants found work in the cities
Demands for farmers decreased due to better farm equipment – farmers moved to the cities
African Americans wanted a “new start” in the northern urban cities

3. Transportation & Resources
Railroads moved people to the cities & carried materials for industry.
Factories helped cities to grow. (Pittsburgh & eventually B’ham)
Seaports aided in world trade.

4. Tenement Living Substandard housing
Apartment building in the slums (poor run-down, urban neighborhood)
Many families shared cold-water tap & toilet

6. Middle Class Included doctors, lawyers, ministers, business managers
Middle Class families moved to the suburbs (residential areas that sprang up outside the city)
Lived in houses with hot water, indoor toilets & by 1900 – ELECTRICITY!
Had servants
Enjoyed leisure time

7. The Gilded Age Gilded – something covered in gold
“The Gilded Age” – book written by Mark Twain & Charles Dudley Warner – suggested both the extravagant wealth of the time and the extreme poverty that lay underneath
“How the Other Half Lives” – book written by Jacob Riis exposed the tenement housing code abuses.

8. Upper Class
Middle Class
Help!
Lower Class/Poverty

9. Cities in Crisis
Overcrowded tenements + sanitation & health problems = diseases
Fires
Crime

10. Seeking Solutions To the Rescue…
YMCA & YWCA – provided recreation centers for the youth
Settlement Houses – provided medical care, playgrounds, nurseries, libraries, English classes, music, and arts & crafts
Most famous settlement house:
HULL HOUSE
founded by Jane Addams
Chicago

11. Going UP!!! Limited space in cities – must build up
Elisha Otis invented elevator
William LeBaron Jenney constructed the world’s first skyscraper in Chicago– 10 stories!
Louis Sullivan was an architect that made skyscrapers works of art.

12. The Woolworth Building
792 feet & inch tall
Tallest Building in the World in 1913! Held the record until 1930 – Chrysler Building took its place.
55 stories – but the stories are so large (11-20ft), it is actually compared to 79 or 80 stories of modern building.

13. The Met 
Central Park Map  Jpg: nycvisit.com / David Lindroth Inc.
(Click on each respective museum to step closer)
Frederick Law Olmsted's Central Park -- Map 2002 (Frontpage)  (Thumbnails Index Other Artists)  (What's New)  (Refer This Site)    
Fredrick Law Olmstead wanted to beautify cities. He designed Central Park in NYC, along with many others.

15. Transportation Improvements
Streetcars were originally pulled by horses.
In 1873, San Francisco built the first cable car.
In 1888, the first trolley car was used in Richmond, Virginia.
The subway was first used in Boston in 1897.
Paved roads began in the 1890’s.

16. Impressive Bridges Brooklyn Bridge - NYC
1915

17. Crosses the Mississippi River at St. Louis, MO.
Eads Bridge
Crosses the Mississippi River at St. Louis, MO.

18. Be the Designer!
Your creativeness has been noticed by the Birmingham City Development Committee!
You’ve been asked to design something that will be attractive and functional.
You may choose a building (hospital, school, courthouse, law offices, etc.), a city park, roadway (280 – ahhhh!), or bridge.
In your notebook, title the page “Improving Birmingham”.
Draw your creation & add color.
Write a paragraph explaining why your creation is needed, how it will be used, and how it will improve Birmingham.