1. Chemistry and Matter

2. Definition of Chemistry
Chemistry is the study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

3. Definition of Chemistry
Chemicals are the substances that make up matter

4. Definition of Chemistry
Chemists study the composition and behavior of matter, and they modify materials for new purposes

5. Five Branches of Chemistry
(1) Organic- study of carbon containing compounds
Ex: the human body, environment, pharmaceuticals

6. Five Branches of Chemistry
(2) Inorganic- study of everything that doesn’t contain C such as metals
Ex: metals found in drinking water

7. Five Branches of Chemistry
(3) Physical- study of properties and changes of matter and their relationships to energy
Ex: solar engineer, lasers, electrochemists

8. Five Branches of Chemistry
(4) Analytical- study of identification of components and composition of materials
Ex: measurement, quality control chemist, flavor developer

9. Five Branches of Chemistry
(5) Biochemistry- study of substances and processes occurring in living things
Ex: doctors, biotech firms, microbiologist

10. Quick Review
Which branch of chemistry would…
A) test a fish for mercury metal

11. Quick Review
Which branch of chemistry would…
B) synthesize a new drug containing carbon that would help cure cancer

12. Quick Review
Which branch of chemistry would…
C) design a wind turbine to generate energy

13. Quick Review
Which branch of chemistry would…
D) research the role of vitamins in the human body

14. Quick Review
Which branch of chemistry would…
E) measure the amount of potassium ion in your blood

15. Matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
Everything is made up of matter

16. Pure Substance
matter that has uniform and definite composition
All samples of one substance have identical physical properties

17. Physical Property
quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
Intensive property= doesn’t depend on size
Extensive property= depends on size
examples

18. Physical Change
alteration of a given substance without changing its composition
examples

19. Chemical Reaction
one or more substances changing to a new substance
Reactants form products in a chemical reaction

20. Chemical Reaction

21. Chemical Reaction

22. Chemical Reaction

23. Chemical Property
ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction and form a new substance.

24. Chemical Changes
examples

25. Chemical vs. Physical
In chemical rxns energy is absorbed or released, there is a change in color or odor, and the change can’t be reversed physically while most physical changes can be reversed

26. Physical and Chemical Properties

27. Physical and Chemical Changes

28. Law of Conservation of Mass

29. Law of Conservation of Mass
states that in any physical or chemical change, mass is neither created nor destroyed. It is conserved so that the mass of products equals the mass of the reactants.

30. Law of Conservation of Mass
magnesium and oxygen yield magnesium oxide
2Mg + O2  2MgO

31. Sum Up : Physical or chemical?
Bending a piece of wire
Burning coal
Cooking steak
Cutting grass
Corroding nail
Dissolving sugar in coffee
Fermenting a grape

32. Sum Up : Physical or chemical?
The following is a description of an unknown substance.
The substance is a silvery white, lustrous metal. Its density is 1.738g/cm3. The substance burns in air to produce an intense white light. It reacts with chlorine to give a brittle white solid. It can be pounded into thin sheets.

33.                           
States of Matter
A physical state of a substance is a physical property of that substance
Handout
                          

34. States of Matter

35. States of Matter
What is the vocabulary associated with the phase changes between solid, liquids, and gases?
How do phase changes occur?
What is really happening to the particles of a substance during a phase change?

36. States of Matter

37. States of Matter

38. States of Matter

39. States of Matter

40. Building Blocks of Matter

41. Pure Substance
Matter that has uniform and definite composition
Matter that cannot be separated physically
Elements and compounds

42. Element
pure substance that is made of only one kind of atom
simplest form of matter that can exist under normal laboratory conditions

43. Element

44. Element
The periodic table organizes the elements
Handout

45. Element

46. Atom
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

47. Compound
substance that is made from the atoms of 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded, and it can be separated by chemical means

48. Compound

49. Compound

50. Compound
Properties of a compound are usually quite different from their elemental components

51. Compound

52. Mixtures
physical blend of 2 or more kinds of matter and each retains its own identity and properties in the mixture
Easily separated physically

53. Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform in composition

54. Mixtures
Homogenous mixtures are completely uniform in composition; the components are evenly distributed throughout

55. Mixtures

56. Separation of Mixtures
Physical properties, filtration, distillation, magnetic properties, and solubility

57. Separation of Mixtures

58. Separation of Mixtures

59. Classification of Matter
Flow Chart

60. Classification of Matter

61. Element, Compound, or Mixture?