2. Mg ion in Taq DNA polymerase

5. A simplified TCA cycle Pyruvate (3C; from glycolysis) NAD+
CO2 + NADH + H+ 2C 6C 5C 4C
NADH + H+
Phase 1
Phase 3
NAD+
Phase 2
CO2 + NADH + H+
FADH2
NAD+
CO2 + NADH + H+
GTP

9. Streptococcus pneumoniae

10. Fig. 6.3b

11. Fig. 6.3b

12. Fig. 6.3b

13. Fig. 6.3b

14. Avery, McCarty and MacLoed, 1944

17. Transcription Translation Chocolate Chip Cookie Ingredients
Chocolate Chip Cookie
Ingredients
2/3 cup (125 g) sugar; try a mixture of brown and white sugar
½ cup (120 g) butter, softened
1 large egg
½ teaspoon baking soda
½ teaspoon salt
1 cup plus 2 tablespoons (145 g) all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
6 oz (170 g) semisweet chocolate chips
Method
1. Preheat oven to 375 deg F (190 deg C).
2. Cream butter with sugar until light and fluffy.
3. Add the egg and vanilla and mix well.
4. Add baking soda, salt and flour and mix well.
5. Add chocolate chips.
6. Place the cookie dough in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes.
7. Drop by rounded large teaspoonfuls onto an ungreased cookie sheet.
8. Bake the chocolate chip cookies for 8 to 10 minutes until light brown. Always try with a few cookies to check whether the dough is OK.
9. Allow cookies to cool on baking sheet for a few minutes, then move the cookies to a wire rack.
Transcription
Translation

18. A T G
Genes C

20. light
CsCl gradient
heavy

22. Bacterial Replication