1. styles of argument
Ethos, Pathos, and Logos

2. What is rhetoric?
It is a noun with many definitions In your notebook, take notes on the following 6 slides to build towards a definition of RHETORIC

3. What is rhetoric?

4. What’s a sophist?
SOPHIST /ˈsäfəst/ noun
a paid teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greece, associated in popular thought with moral skepticism and specious reasoning.
a person who reasons with clever but fallacious arguments.

5. What does FALLACIOUS mean?
FALLACIOUS /fəˈlāSHəs/ ADJ. – based on a mistaken belief.
synonyms: false, untrue, faulty, wrong, misleading, fabricated, misguided, made up, trumped up

6. Who was Plato?
Plato (born 427 BC) was a philosopher in Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the essential figure in the development of Western philosophy.

7. Who was Aristotle?
Aristotle (384 B.C. to 322 B.C.) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist who is still considered one of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology and ethics. In 335, he founded his own school in Athens, Greece. He spent most of the rest of his life there studying, teaching and writing. He is considered one of the founding fathers of western philosophy.

8. Who was Cicero?
Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman, orator, lawyer and philosopher, who served as consul in the year 63 BC. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.

9. What is PROSE? form, without metrical structure.
PROSE /prōz/ noun - written or spoken language in its ordinary
form, without metrical structure.
PROSE is so-called "ordinary” writing or speaking — made up of sentences and paragraphs, without any metrical (or rhyming) structure. If you write/say, "I walked about all alone over the hillsides," that's prose. If you say, "I wondered lonely as a cloud that floats on high over valleys and hills" that's poetry.

10. It is a noun with many definitions:
What is rhetoric?
It is a noun with many definitions:

12. It is a noun with many definitions:
What is rhetoric?
It is a noun with many definitions:
1. the ability to use language effectively.
2. the art of making persuasive speeches.
3. the art of influencing the thought and conduct of an audience.

13. modes of persuasion 3 ways to persuade an audience.
According to Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle ( BCE), a speaker or writer has
3 ways to persuade an audience.

14. Aristotle in The Art of Rhetoric:
“Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the spoken word there are three kinds. The first kind depends on the personal character of the speaker; the second on putting the audience into a certain frame of mind; the third on the proof, provided by the words of the speech itself.”

15. Ethos: Appealing to the speaker or writer’s character or reputation.
Ethos (Greek for character) refers to credibility:
Convincing by the character of the writer/speaker
We tend to believe people whom we respect/trust
Is the writer/speaker:
someone worth listening to?
an authority?
likeable and worthy of respect?
TESTIMONIAL & TRANSFER

16. Pathos: Appealing to the reader’s or listener’s emotions.
GLITTERING
NAME CALLING
BANDWAGON
Pathos: Appealing to the reader’s or listener’s emotions.
Pathos (Greek for suffering) refers to emotions:
Pathos appeals to the audience's sympathies.
An appeal to pathos causes an audience to respond emotionally.
It is initially successful as it causes the audience to identify with the writer's point of view (to feel what the writer/speaker wants you to feel).
Pathos thus refers to both the emotional and the imaginative impact of the message on an audience, moving the audience to react or connect to the message.

17. Logos: Appealing to the reader’s or listener’s sense of reason.
CARDSTACKING
Logos (Greek for 'word')
It relies on making a logical argument, backed with reason or evidence to persuade the audience.
This is Aristotle’s favorite method of arguing.
CICERO