1. Background Form 477 Limitations
self-reported availability at census block level (11 M, 4M with zero population)  roughly 15 households on average, but varies widely
availability, not uptake
Limitations
block
unclear customer availability (DSL maxed out)
data quality (e.g., highly improbable speeds)
Long delay in reporting (June 2017 just now)
Our study: across years, through Dec. 2016

2. Overall 25/3+ 98.3% of population in urban blocks has 25/3+
only 70.6% in rural blocks, 66.3% in tribal
52.6% bottom 25% of median income quartile
88.0% top 25%
Similar availability by age

3. Technology Fixed wireless, on average, faster than DSL
DOCSIS 3.0 mean speed similar to fiber
75th percentile

4. Data quality indicators
Losing broadband for a year
67,000 blocks lost broadband
20,535 regained broadband in 2016

5. New deployments – 2015 vs. 2014 Lower income, lower housing valuation
Predictors: household income, home value
Tried ML to predict deployment, but difficult
can predict non-deployment with 66% accuracy

6. By company AT&T largest increase, particularly 2016 Others: 10 to 20%
Cable providers: almost none
Google Fiber announcements seem to be a trigger warning to AT&T (100 Mbps deployment)