1. Emissions testing in the laboratory and on the road: Preliminary results for one Euro 6 diesel vehicle
Pierre Bonnel
Martin Weiss
Joint Research Centre (JRC)
IES - Institute for Energy and Transport
Ispra – Italy

2. Outline Laboratory emissions testing
NEDC and Artemis cycles
On-road emissions testing with PEMS

3. Test vehicle
Euro 6 diesel (4 cylinder, 1968 ccm; 105 kW, 155 g CO2/km)
SCR
Start-stop function
Automatic transmission (normal, semi-automatic, sportive drive modes)
Air conditioning

4. Test program + additional tests will be conducted in September
Laboratory emissions testing
NEDC
(5 tests at 22 oC; 3 tests at -7 oC)
CADC
(4 tests at 22 oC; 3 tests at -7 oC)
RDE-LDV random cycle
3 tests each for low, medium, and high severity; preconditioning 1 NEDC+ 1 EUDC+10 min
On-road emissions testing
Route 1: rural-motorway
5 tests with/without air condition, normal and sportive driving mode
Route 2: rural-urban
11 tests with/without air condition, normal and sportive driving mode, start-stop
Route 3: rural-uphill/downhill
6 tests with/without air condition, normal, sportive, and semiautomatic driving mode
+ additional tests will be conducted in September

5. Test routes Route 1: rural and motorway driving
Route 2: rural and urban driving
Route 3: rural and sever uphill-downhill driving with an elevation difference of 800 m
Route 4: motorway; representing high-speed driving at speeds of up to 130 km/h

6. Test equipment Emissions measured from cold start, including cranking
Source: Sensors inc.
Emissions measured from cold start, including cranking
Use of standard commercial fuels
Weight and size of PEMS equipment acceptable but not negligible (250 kg; including second driver, batteries and accessories)
Power supply: the use of batteries restricts the test durations to roughly hours

7. Results: Laboratory emissions testing

8. Laboratory emissions testing
NEDC and Artemis cycles – Gaseous emissions

9. Laboratory emissions testing
Random RDE-LDV cycles – CO2 emissions

10. Results: On-road emissions testing with PEMS

11. On-road emissions testing
Average on-road emissions [g/km] - Overview

12. On-road emissions testing
Average on-road NOX emissions expressed as Conformity Factor

13. On-road emissions testing
Averaging window NOX emissions as Conformity Factor

14. On-road emissions testing
Statistical analysis of the averaging window NOX emissions

15. On-road emissions testing
Statistical analysis of the averaging window NOX emissions
Cumulative CO2 mass equivalent to type approval, i.e., 1.7 kg
Distance of the NEDC, i.e., km
Time of the NEDC, i.e., 1180 s
AVG
STDEV
Max
Min
10-Percentile
Median
90-Percentile
Conformity Factor
Route 1: rural-motorway
CO2
1.9
1.0
8.4
0.2
0.9
1.8
3.1
Distance
0.8
6.6
2.8
Time
2.0
0.7
4.4
0.6
3.0
Route 2: rural-urban
2.2
1.1
7.4
0.3
3.4
5.7
0.5
2.1
3.5
6.1
Route 3: rural-uphill/ downhill
4.1
9.5
4.0
6.5
3.7
1.3
3.8
5.4
1.4
7.6

16. Conclusions Substantial reduction in NOX emissions
NEDC emissions are below the Euro 6 emission limit
Low temperatures substantially increase NOX emissions
On-road NOX emissions in range of the Euro 5 emissions limit
Emissions the on Route 3 are substantially elevated (engine load, exhaust cooling during downhill driving)
Using distance as reference parameter results in lower averaging window emissions than using cumulative CO2 mass as reference parameter

17. Next steps Analyzing emissions of the RDE-LDV random cycle testing
Analyzing on-road NOX emissions as function of engine load, catalyst temperatures, and road characteristics (based on the Euro 6 vehicle)
Validation of PEMS against laboratory equipment

18. Thank you! Joint Research Centre (JRC)
IES - Institute for Energy and Transport
Ispra – Italy
Pierre Bonnel
Martin Weiss