1. Figure 1 Glomerular injury in lupus nephritis
Figure 1 | Glomerular injury in lupus nephritis. View of a glomerular loop containing endothelial cells lined by a glycocalyx, mesangial cells and podocytes. Podocytes are separated from endothelial cells by the glomerular basement membrane. The glomerulus is contained by Bowman's capsule that is lined by parietal epithelial cells. Immune deposits can be found in the mesangium, subendothelium, or subepithelium. Subendothelial deposits are in contact with the vascular space and can recruit myeloid cells into the renal parenchyma. Subepithelial cells are in contact with podocytes and the urinary space. Podocytes and endothelial cells communicate with each other by transfer of soluble growth factors across the glomerular basement membrane, whereas mesangial cells and endothelial cells can interact with each other directly via receptors and their ligands. Alterations of these factors in lupus nephritis are shown by the arrows and colour-coded according to cell type. ANG, angiopoietin; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A.
Davidson, A. (2015) What is damaging the kidney in lupus nephritis?
Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum