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A Signal, from Human mtDNA, of Postglacial Recolonization in Europe
Antonio Torroni, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, Vincent Macaulay, Martin Richards, Fulvio Cruciani, Chiara Rengo, Vicente Martinez-Cabrera, Richard Villems, Toomas Kivisild, Ene Metspalu, Jüri Parik, Helle-Viivi Tolk, Kristiina Tambets, Peter Forster, Bernd Karger, Paolo Francalacci, Pavao Rudan, Branka Janicijevic, Olga Rickards, Marja-Liisa Savontaus, Kirsi Huoponen, Virpi Laitinen, Satu Koivumäki, Bryan Sykes, Eileen Hickey, Andrea Novelletto, Pedro Moral, Daniele Sellitto, Alfredo Coppa, Nadia Al-Zaheri, A. Silvana Santachiara- Benerecetti, Ornella Semino, Rosaria Scozzari The American Journal of Human Genetics Volume 69, Issue 4, Pages (October 2001) DOI: /323485 Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Geographical locations of the 56 populations included in the present study. The correspondence between numerical codes and populations is given in table 1. The American Journal of Human Genetics , DOI: ( /323485) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Network of pre*V and V mtDNAs. Areas of circles are proportional to the number of sampled individuals, and population codes correspond to those in table 1. The listed nucleotide positions are those differing from the Cambridge Reference Sequence (Anderson et al. 1981). Mutations are transitions (T↔C, A↔G), unless the base change is specified explicitly. Recurrent mutations are underlined, and arrows point to the presence of the restriction site. Squares indicate the phylogenetic position of the roots of the nested haplogroups H, HV, and R (Macaulay et al. 1999). The American Journal of Human Genetics , DOI: ( /323485) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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Figure 3 Spatial frequency distributions. Distributions of pre*V (top)and V (bottom) mtDNAs are shown. The American Journal of Human Genetics , DOI: ( /323485) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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Figure 4 Spatial frequency distributions of V mtDNAs, excluding possible outlier populations. A, without Saami; B, without Saami and Croatians; C, without Saami, Croatians, and Basques. The American Journal of Human Genetics , DOI: ( /323485) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions
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