1. WAVE PROPERTIES
1) Reflection- Wave is turned back due to a barrier. (Ex- echo)
Law of reflection: When a wave is reflected at a boundary, the incident angle is equal to the reflected angle.

2. 2) Refraction-Bending of a wave as it enters a new medium.

3. 3) Diffraction- The spread of a wave disturbance beyond the edge of a barrier.

4. 4) Constructive interference: Addition of two waves having the same wavelength and traveling in the same direction. This will produce a wave with a larger amplitude.

5. 5) Destructive Interference- Addition of waves with the same wavelength and frequency that are out of phase.
Complete destructive interference

6. 6) Superposition- Adding the displacements of two or more waves to produce a resultant displacement.

7. Superposition

8. Superposition
Waves travel though each other and continue in original direction.

9. 7) Damping- Reduction in amplitude due to diminished energy.

10. 8) Wave phases
Points on a wave which are a whole number of wavelengths apart are said to be in phase.
Points which are an odd number of half wavelengths apart are said to be in opposite phase. These points will move in opposite directions.

11. Points AD and BE are in phase.C E B
Points AD and BE are in phase.
Points AB, BD & DE are in opposite phase.
Point C is out of phase with all other points.

12. 9) Standing Waves- A wave of the same amplitude and wavelength that has been reflected back on itself.
Nodes are the stationary points that are 1/2λ apart. Antinodes are at the loops.

13. 10) Resonance- When a force causes an object to vibrate at its natural frequency
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