1. GLOBAL CRIME: TRENDS & ISSUES
Global Crime and International Legal Responses
Studying Law at Roma Tre
April – May 2018
Ambassador Dr Uglješa Ugi Zvekić
GLOBAL CRIME: TRENDS & ISSUES

2. Last Century Aftermath II World War
II WW: geopolitically broader than I WW (Japan; Asia; Arab counties)
Nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Division of Europe: Western and Eastern blocks (Germany divided in Western and Eastern)
China & Cuba socialist revolution – greater role
Cold War
Nuclear weapons
Anti-Colonialism

3. Last Century Aftermath II World War (2)
Technological developments: computers/internet/air industry/communication systems (mobile)
Space:
competition between USA and USSR/Europe and China join in
Landing on the Moon/Joint Space Missions
Transnational crime/International responses

4. Towards Today
GLOBALISATION (trade/financial exchange/cyber space/illicit flows/transnational organized crime/migration)
Fall of the Berlin War and European communism (capitalism; fall of the apartheid: increased cooperation)
China Reforms
Germany Unification
Disintegration of USSR/Czecho- Slovakia/Yugoslavia

5. TODAY: Issues & Challenges
Conflicts
Iraq; Syria; Lybia; Yemen; Nigeria; Ukraina
Migration
Towards EU/USA: from Africa; Middle East; Asia
Tensions and new actors
USA and Russia
China EU
BRIC(S): Brazil, Russia, India, China (South Africa)
International scene
- G 7(8); G20; NAM; regional and subregional organizations ; UN role marginalized

6. TODAY: Risks* Economic and Financial Crisis Energy Security
Vulnerable communication and data systems- cyber attacks
Inequalities/ Unemployment/Labour Exploitation
Migration
Transnational Organized Crime/Corruption/Data Fraud and Theft
*World Economic Forum;: Global Risks 2015

7. What Worries the World IPSOS September 2016
Wrong Track
Main Issues
25 coutries
62% think that things in their country are on the wrong track
In Europe: more than 50%
China, India, Peru, Canada; Russia: more than 50% in right direction
Unemployment
Financial/Political Corruption
Poverty/Inequality
Crime and Violence

8. Crime Follow the trend lines, not the headlines:
FIRST: a decline in violent crime over time*
SECOND: an increase in global organized crime and corruption and terrorism
accompanied by
THIRD: Increase in International Legal Responses and Cooperation
* Steven Pinker, Andrew Mack: Declining Violence in the World, 2014

9. GENOCIDE and OTHER CIVILIAN DEATHS
World War II: 350 per 100,000 per year.
it has been falling ever since, though punctuated by spikes of dying in
Biafra (1966–1970, 200,000  deaths),
Sudan (1983–2002, 1 million),
Afghanistan (1978–2002, 1 million), Indonesia (1965–1966, 500,000),
Angola (1975–2002, 1 million),
Rwanda (1994, 500,000),
Bosnia ( , 60,000 – 100,000)
Syria ( ) ?

10. WORLD: MASS KILLINGS

11. RECENT INCREASE OF WARS
Red Curve: The number of wars jumped from four in 2010—the lowest total since the end of World War II—to eight in 2014.
Afghanistan,
DRC
Iraq,
Nigeria, ,
South Sudan,
Syria
Lybia
Ukraine

12. EXTREME ISLAMIST FACTOR
Number of countries experiencing high or very high levels of “religious hostilities” increased by more than 40% .

13. MIGRATION WAVE Destination
Western Europe (Germany;Austria; UK;Scandinavia)
USA
Origins
Africa (Somalia; Eritrea; Mali; Chad; Nigeria;)
Asia & Middle East (Afganistan; Paksitan;Iraq; Syria; Lybia)

14. GLOBAL CORRUPTION & ORGANIZED CRIME
With increased globalization (trade; travel; communication; capital; people):
INCREASE IN:
Transnational Organized Crime
Corruption
Human Trafficking (sex and labour exploitation)
Smuggling of Migrants
Drugs
Economic Crime
Wild Life Exploitation

15. GLOBAL GEOPOLITCAL CONFIGURATION
EXPLORING LINKAGES
GLOBAL ORGANIZED CRIME and CORRUPTION TRENDS
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL RESPONSES
In the context of
GLOBAL GEOPOLITCAL CONFIGURATION

16. THANK YOU