1. Bellringer
Write your name on the top of the Matter Lab and wait for instructions
Tests will be graded by tomorrow
Make up test will be Monday during SMART lunch A
Happy Birthday Marc and
Emeline!!!

2. Chemistry Basics

3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and volume Two subcategories:
Pure substances (elements and compounds)
Mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous)

4. Pure Substances
Matter that only has 1 set of chemical and physical properties
Can’t be separated by physical means
Ex. Pure water always has the exact same chemical and physical properties under the same conditions
Can be divided into two categories: elements and compounds

5. Elements and Atoms All matter is made of elements
Element – substance that cannot be broken down to simpler substances by physical or chemical means
92 naturally-occurring elements and several more synthetic elements (produced in labs)

6. Elements and Atoms
Hydrogen and Helium make up about 99.8% of the elements in the universe (mostly stars)
On Earth, Oxygen and Silicon are most common, making up about 75% (mostly rocks and minerals)

7. Elements and Atoms
Other common elements on Earth: Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, and Magnesium

8. Elements and Atoms
Atom – smallest part of an element that still has all of the characteristics of that element
Atoms break down into smaller, subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)

9. Matter Compounds – substances made of two or more combined elements
Example: carbon dioxide, CO2, is made of the elements carbon and oxygen

10. Mixtures
Mixtures – combinations of two or more components that retain their identities
Can be separated by physical means
Example: a salad is a mixture of lots of ingredients, but the tomato will still be red and taste like a tomato

11. 2 Types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous – individual parts are easily recognizable
Homogeneous – look the same throughout
Example: a solution of salt water

12. Acids and Bases Acids – produce hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
pH <7
Carbonic acid – acid produced from carbon dioxide dissolving in water, plays a major role in chemical weathering of rocks

13. Acids and Bases Bases – produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution
pH >7
Neutral – pH =7
Ex: distilled water (other types of water may be slightly acidic or basic based on impurities and minerals found in the water)

14. Physical and Chemical Changes
Chemical property – a substance’s characteristic that indicates whether it can go through a chemical change
Examples: flammability, oxidation (reaction with oxygen)
Physical property – a substance’s characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance’s identity
Examples: color, shape, size, phase of matter

15. Physical and Chemical Changes
Physical change – changing a physical property of matter without changing the type of matter
Example: phase change (ice, water, and steam are all still chemically H2O)

16. Physical and Chemical Changes
Chemical change (chemical reaction) – a change from one substance to another substance
Represented with chemical equations

17. Physical and Chemical Changes
Law of Conservation of Matter – matter may chemically or physically change, but the quantity stays the same (matter is NOT created or destroyed)

18. Phase Changes
Four phases of matter in the universe – solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
A substance changes to different phases of matter with the addition or removal of heat

20. Phases of Matter
Plasma -- gases heated to temperatures greater than 5000oC
So hot they glow
Found in stars, lightning, and neon signs

21. Phase Changes

22. Phase Changes
Evaporation

23. Post Lab Refer back to your lab sheet Define the vocab on the front
Flip over to the back and complete the post lab for each item
DO NOT CHANGE YOUR ORIGINAL ANSWERS
Put in basket when you are done
Sign up for Google Classroom
Find something to work on quietly

24. Why teach chemistry in an Earth Science class
Why teach chemistry in an Earth Science class? Because the whole Earth is made of atoms and elements!
First, a little background:
Get out a sheet of paper. While watching the second video (America’s Gold), write down:
3 things you already knew
2 things you learned in the video
1 thing you’d like to learn more about
You are an HONORS class. I expect honors-level responses (not “I already knew we lived in America”). Be thoughtful and specific!