1. The Federal Bureaucracy
The Executive Office of the President, Executive departments, and Agencies

2. Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy: a large administrative structure that handles the business of a large organization
The Executive departments are an example of our executive bureaucracy
An organization that is built on one of these 3 principles is a bureaucracy:
Hierarchical Authority
Job Specialization
Formal Rules
* Each person who works for this type of organization is a BUREAUCRAT

3. Our Federal Bureaucracy
Made up of all of the agencies, departments, and people that allow our National Government to get their job accomplished
Through the bureaucracy, public policy gets administered
The people working within the bureaucracy are non elected positions

4. The Bureaucracy
There are 3 different types of organizations within the bureaucracy that you should be aware of
Executive Departments
Executive Agencies
Regulatory Agencies (or Regulatory Commissions)
Government Corporations

5. Executive Departments: create the cabinet positions
The cabinet is the group of people that are the Presidents’ closest advisors; they specialize in a policy area and are in charge of one department
i.e. Department of Treasury/ Secretary of Treasury
15 Executive Departments
Each Department is headed by a SECRETARY

6. Cabinet Departments State Defense Treasury Justice Interior
Agriculture
Commerce
Labor
Health and Human Services
Housing and Urban Development
Transportation
Energy
Education
Veteran Affairs
Homeland Security

8. Independent Agencies Regulatory Agencies
THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGENCIES!
Generally, agencies are the non-cabinet level organizations
Examples: NASA, FDA (Food and Drug Admin), EPA (environmental Protection Agency)
Regulatory Agencies
One TYPE of agency, but they are a little more specific in their responsibility
Monitor economic activity
There are 12 of these organizations

9. Independent Agencies
Government Corporations: These organizations are controlled by the President, but they are different because they run business-like activities
Best examples = the POST OFFICE

10. Executive Agencies Executive Branch President Executive Departments
(Cabinet Members)
Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies (Independent Regulatory Commissions)

12. In Conclusion…
Why do we have a bureaucracy?

13. Nominating and Choosing Members
President-elect draws up candidates for heads of departments
May “leak” names to media to test public opinion
Senate holds confirmation hearings after the President officially appoints someone to office

14. What is the Cabinet?
The cabinet is an informal advisory brought together by the President to serve his needs.
There are now 15 cabinet posts, all created by past and present presidents
The most recent is the Department of Homeland Security, created after 9/11/01

15. The Cabinet’s Role
2 Main Roles: as individuals, they head one of the executive departments, and as a group they are an advisor to the President
Different Presidents have different views of how much advice they should take from the cabinet heads
How much information do you think Barack Obama has taken from his advisors?

16. Women and Minorities in the Cabinet
Comparatively, there have been more white males appointed to cabinet members instead of women and minorities.
However, we are taking steps in the right direction by appointing people such as Colin Powell, Alberto Gonzales, Condi Rice, and Margaret Spellings to heads of cabinets

17. Women in Cabinet The first woman appointed to a cabinet position was
Frances T. Perkins.
She was appointed by FDR and served from as Secretary of Labor

18. Independent Agencies
Independent agencies were created after since then, the number of agencies has grown (150 agencies today)
These agencies administer programs similar to the executive departments
So, why do we have them?

19. Independent Agencies Why do they exist?
Some agencies don’t “fit” with any department
Separating them from the Executive Departments keeps the agencies’ work away from party politics
I.e. the Federal Election Commission is an agency
Their functions are odd or sensitive
Or- they were made independent agencies on accident

20. In Conclusion…
The three different structures that exist within the Federal Bureaucracy are the Executive Office of the President, Executive Departments, and Executive Agencies
The Executive Office of the President is comprised of various offices that support the president’s and country’s needs
The Cabinet works to support the president and to head domestic and foreign administrative offices within the White House