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Warm-up Question
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
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Cell Reproduction
Prokaryotes Bacteria
Eukaryotes Plants & animals
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Prokaryotes
Lack a nucleus
Have a single chromosome
Asexually reproduce by binary fission
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4. Steps in Binary Fission
Cells increase their cell mass.
DNA is replicated
Each cell divides into 2 daughter cells
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5. Binary Fission of Bacterial Cell
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6. E. Coli Dividing by Binary Fission
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Eukaryotes
Contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles
Asexually reproduce cells by mitosis
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Cell Cycle
Stages in growth & division are called the Cell Cycle.
G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase
M Phase
Cytokinesis
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G1 Phase
G1 = First growth stage
What occurs during G1?
Cell increases in size
Cell prepares to copy its DNA
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Synthesis Phase
S = Synthesis Phase
DNA’s instructions are copied in the S phase as chromosomes are duplicated.
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G2 Phase
G2 = Second growth stage.
Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis.
Cell continues to grow
Makes proteins needed for mitosis or cell division.
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M Phase
M phase = Mitosis or Cell Division
Cell’s energy used to make 2 daughter cells
Cell growth & protein production stop
Also called karyokinesis (nucleus division)
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Life Cycle of a Cell
Mitosis is a cycle with no beginning or end.
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14. Interphase – Resting Stage
What happens during interphase?
Cells carrying on normal activities
Cell metabolism is occurring
Chromosomes aren’t visible during interphase
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Interphase
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Stages of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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17. Cells Undergoing Mitosis
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Steps in Prophase
DNA coils tightly
Nuclear membrane disappears
Nucleous disappears
Centrioles migrate to poles
Spindle begins to form
***Chromosomes can be seen during prophase!
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Prophase
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What is a chromosome?
Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein.
These structures contain the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation.
Each chromosome contains 2 sister chromatids held together by a centromere.
A kinetochore fiber attaches at the centromere to move the chromosome during mitosis.
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21. Eukaryotic Chromosome
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Steps in Metaphase
Spindle fibers attach to each chromosome.
Cell aligns its chromosomes in the middle of the cell
Cell preparing to separate its chromosomes
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Metaphase
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Steps in Anaphase
Cell chromosomes are separated
Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes pulled to ends of cell
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Mitotic Spindle
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Anaphase
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Steps in Telophase
Chromosomes are located at opposite ends of the cell.
Nucleus & nucleolus reform
Chromosomes uncoil
Cell Plate forms (plants)
Cleavage furrow forms(animals)
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Telophase
       Plant            
Animal
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis = division of cytoplasm
Occurs after mitosis
Forms two, identical daughter cells
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Cytokinesis
Cell Plate Forming in Plant Cells
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Mitosis Animation
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