1. Unit IV: The National Period
Expansion and Growth
Unit IV: The National Period

3. I. Louisiana Purchase
In 1803, President Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for only $15 million
Doubled the size of the United States overnight

5. II. Lewis and Clark
Jefferson commissioned an expedition to explore the new territory
Lewis and Clark reached the Pacific Ocean with the help of their Native American interpreter and guide, Sacagawea

7. III. Manifest Destiny
Belief that it is the fate or destiny of America to stretch its borders from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
Population growth in the US triggered settlement westward
1780: 2.7 million
1830: 12 million

8. IV. Florida Pinckney Treaty (1795):
Spain controlled Florida
The US and Spain agreed to control Native Americans on their respective sides of the border
The Seminoles of Florida began attacking southern Georgia, but Spain did nothing to stop them

10. General Andrew Jackson invaded Florida to suppress the Seminoles
Spain was outraged but realized they could not maintain control of Florida
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819):
Spain gave Florida to the US
The US gave up claims to parts of the southwest, including Texas

11. V. Industrial Revolution
Increase in mechanization (use of machines) in the United States from ’s
Growth of Cities
Northern Economy: based on manufacturing
Southern Economy: based on agriculture

12. BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Lowell (or Waltham) Factory System
Francis Cabot Lowell
First dual-purpose textile plants
employees
Lowell towns
New England Textile Centers: 1830s
Pojer (both)
Lowell, Mass. in 1850

13. Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c
Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown
Pageant 13e Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown
In the 1830s an unknown artist painted Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, portraying the hulking mass of the mill buildings. The company organized all the manufacturing processes at a single location, in Lowell, Massachusetts, on the Merrimack River. (Museum of American Textile History)
Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

14. Lowell Girls Lowell Girls - typical “profile”
Early Textile Loom
Pojer
Lowell Girls - typical “profile”
Factory Girls Association
Lowell Boarding Houses

15. The Growth of Cotton Textile Manufacturing, 1810–1840
Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;

16. 2. Cotton Gin Invented by Eli Whitney
Separates the seed from the cotton
Established a “Cotton Kingdom” in the South as cotton became the staple crop
Farmers searched for more farmland out west
More slaves were needed

17. 3. Interchangeable Parts
System of uniform parts that can be interchanged
Developed by Eli Whitney for gun manufacturing
Interchangeable Parts
Hand Crafted

18. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
turnpikes
National Road
Pojer

19. 4. Canals Man-made water ways
Served as highways for transporting goods and crops
Erie Canal (1825): connected the Great lakes to the Hudson River across NY state

20. 1. Steam Engine James Watts:Invented the Steam Engine in England
Samuel Slater: brought steam engine technology to the US; created the first domestic textile mill
Robert Fulton: first successful Steam boat, the Clermont (1807)

23. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
Steamboats
Robert Fulton
Clermont (1807)
Impact on transportation and trade
Robert Fulton’s Clermont plies the Hudson River

24. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
Erie Canal (1825)
Significance
Cost of trade
Direction of trade
Settlement of NW
New York City
Upstate NY
Canal boom
Pojer Early 19C Industrialization (both)

25. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
Principal Canals in 1840
Roads and Canals,
Principal canals – Pojer; Roads & Canals Henretta, America’s History 5e from
Canal boom
Effect on transportation and trade patterns

26. Paths of Northern Migration after 1800

27. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
Railroads
Baltimore & Ohio RR (1830)
short lines
trunk lines
Pojer

28. 5. Railroads Swift and efficient transportation between major cities
Utilized Watt’s steam engine technology
In 1828, the first American railroad connected Baltimore and Ohio (B&O Railroad)

29. Mohawk And Hudson Railroad’s Dewitt Clinton

30. VI. Market Revolution
Buying and selling of goods outside the home for the purpose of gaining wealth
Free Market System:
Companies compete for profits
Capital: companies and individuals borrow money from banks to invest with

31. POPULATION GROWTH 1775 2.5 Million 1790 4 Million 1820 10 Million
Jones, et al., Created Equal

32. POPULATION GROWTH Causes Natural increase Immigration
Divine, America Past & Present 7e
Immigration to the United States,

33. Immigration Major immigrant groups Irish Germans English
National Origin of Immigrants:
Immigration
Major immigrant groups
Irish
Germans
English
When did they come?
Where did they settle?
Immigration to the United States,
Pie chart - Pojer
Graph - Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;

34. Participation of Irish and German Immigrants in the New York City Workforce for Selected Occupations, 1859
Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;

35. The distribution of foreign-born residents of the United States in 1860.
Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;

36. Immigration & Nativism
Native American Association
Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner
American (“Know-Nothing”) Party  
Recent immigrants, from Harper’s Weekly, 1858