1. HOW TO DEFINE LIFE

2. Most people have heard of Ebola –
Is Ebola a living thing?
Most people have heard of Ebola –
a deadly VIRUS that is affecting people in parts of Africa.
Viruses:
Have DNA..... but no cellular structure
Can reproduce.....but only with a host
Use energy.... but this comes from the host cell’s machinery
So....is the Ebola virus a living thing? What do you think?
Not in handbook

3. How do you know something is alive?
Biology means the study of (-ology) all life (bio-) and includes many branches

4. How do you know something is alive?
Biologists organize living things into kingdoms. There are currently six kingdoms.

5. How do you know something is alive?
Kingdom
Example
Archaebacteria
Extremophile bacteria
Eubacteria
Typical bacteria
Protista
Seaweed, Amoeba, Slime Mold
Fungi
Yeast, Mushrooms
Plantae
Moss, Fern, Holly, Oak Tree
Animalia
Worms, Fish, Birds, Frogs, Humans
More on these later

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
Organization
The level of complexity
Organism
Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Molecules
Atoms / Elements

7. How do you know something is alive?
b. All living things need six essential elements (atoms): Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (CHNOPS)
c. All living things are made of cells.
i. One-celled organism – unicellular
ii. Many-celled organism - multicellular

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ENERGY USE
Organisms need energy constantly to build molecules (synthesis) and cell and to break down (digest) substances (such as breaking down food for nutrition)

9. Fill It In …
Synthesis means ….
Visual:

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ENERGY USE
Organisms must transport nutrients to be used in cellular respiration to produce energy

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ENERGY USE
An organism’s chemical reactions are called its metabolism

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
REPRODUCTION
An organism must replace themselves so the entire species will survive

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
REPRODUCTION
May be asexual (only one individual contributes genetic material) or sexual (two individuals contribute genes)

14. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
Growth - to increase in size. Increases the number of cells of a multicellular organism
Development - change that takes place in structure and function of an organism during its life cycle. Example: embryo becomes a fetus

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
RESPOND TO STIMULI
A quick, non-permanent change
Stimulus - anything that causes an organism to react
Example: a loud noise (stimulus) causes your dog to run under the bed (response)

16. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ADJUST TO ENVIRONMENT
Homeostasis - the regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions for life
Ex: Getting rid of wastes by excretion

17. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE & LIFE PROCESSES
ADJUST TO ENVIRONMENT
An adaptation is an inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables organisms to better survive an environment
Ex: Gills on a fish

18. Fill It In … Life Processes: (things living things do) S- T- E- R- N-
Synthesis
Transport
Excretion
Respiration
Nutrition
Growth
Reproduction
Regulation

19. Something extra … Characteristics of Life: (things you have)
Made of ______________
Have ___________ material (DNA)
Obtain and require _____________ for energy
Able to maintain _________________ (balanced internal environment)
Able to ___________ and adapt to the environment
___________(change) over time

20. Something extra … Characteristics of Life: (things you have)
Made of cells.
Have genetic material (DNA)
Obtain and require nurients for energy
Able to maintain homeostasis (balanced internal environment)
Able to respond and adapt to the environment
Evolve (change) over time

21. Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life?
A group of cells that perform a similar function are known as a ___________.
What are two reasons an organism needs energy?
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus
The hollow bones of a bird __________________
Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________

22. Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL
A group of cells that perform a similar function are known as a ___________.
What are two reasons an organism needs energy?
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus
The hollow bones of a bird __________________
Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________

23. Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL
A group of cells that perform a similar function are known as a _TISSUE_.
What are two reasons an organism needs energy?
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus
The hollow bones of a bird __________________
Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________

24. Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL
A group of cells that perform a similar function are known as a _TISSUE_.
What are two reasons an organism needs energy?
SYTHESIS, DIGESTION, TRANSPORT, METABOLISM
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus
The hollow bones of a bird __________________
Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________

25. Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL
A group of cells that perform a similar function are known as a _TISSUE_.
What are two reasons an organism needs energy?
SYTHESIS, DIGESTION, TRANSPORT, METABOLISM
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus
The hollow bones of a bird ADAPTATION_
Jerking your hand away from a hot stove ___________________

26. Check Yourself! What is the basic unit of life? CELL
A group of cells that perform a similar function are known as a _TISSUE_.
What are two reasons an organism needs energy?
SYTHESIS, DIGESTION, TRANSPORT, METABOLISM
Label the following an an adaptation or a response to a stimulus
The hollow bones of a bird ADAPTATION_
Jerking your hand away from a hot stove _RESPONSE TO
STIMULUS__