1. Warm-Up 9APR18 What reasons did Italy have for adopting fascism?
Dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles – wanted more
Economic distress
Fear of Communism
Rise of Benito Mussolini as leader
March on Rome

2. Post WWI – Road to War Warm-Up This Date in History Fascist Italy
Check on Learning
Intro to Japan
Soviet Union

3. Road to War The Five Main Causes of WWII were:
The harshness of the Treaty of Versailles
World-Wide Economic Strife
The Rise of Fascism
Failure of the League of Nations
Desire to avoid war by Democratic countries – Desire for war by Fascist Dictators

4. Post WWI – Road to War
In Germany, the Weimar Republic faced economic and political problems
France became powerful after WWI
The French government suffered during the Depression
Great Britain also suffered from economic issues
John Maynard Keynes tried to get the government to finance projects, but most were opposed to deficit spending

5. Post WWI – Road to War
The US experienced rapid growth during the 1920s, but it was really false prosperity
The new president, FDR, proposed the New Deal, which included some of Keynes ideas

6. Post WWI – Road to War
Fascism: A political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition

7. Post WWI – Road to War
Between 1919 and 1939, many countries adopted dictatorships
This led to totalitarianism, or governments that wanted to control all aspects of their citizens’ lives
There were no individual freedoms or limits to government power

8. European Governments
Which countries adopted fascism during the 1930’s?

9. Post WWI – Road to War
Benito Mussolini established a Fascist government in the early 1920s
In a Fascist government, the government is led by a dictator and any opposition is oppressed
Mussolini’s movement gained power because people were afraid socialism would take over as it did in Russia
Mussolini formed armed groups called Blackshirts who attacked socialists and strikers

10. Post WWI – Road to War
Mussolini appealed to nationalist pride by demanding more land from the WWI settlements
He was eventually able to gain enough power to overthrow the Italian king
His government set up a secret police force called El Duce to control society
They also used the media to spread propaganda

11. Fascism in Italy RISE OF MUSSOLINI TO PRIME MINISTER
1921 elections - the Fascist membership expanded to the upper class, solidified in the middle class and gained support from WWI veterans and students
The Fascist used disorder to create an aura of the viable solution. Mussolini and his blackshirts seized power by threatening to take it. On October 29, 1922
King Victor Emmanuel III
named Mussolini Prime Minister
of Italy

12. Fascism in Italy MUSSOLINI TO DICTATOR
Through control of the media, indoctrination classes and pre-military training, the Fascists hoped to create the new Italian Empire
This new Italian would be hard working, physically fit, disciplined, intellectually sharp and martially inclined
The Fascists contained many traditional Italian values, the woman was the center of the household, and encouraged women to stay at home and have babies

13. Fascism in Italy

14. Post WWI – Road to War
Mussolini and Hitler would form an alliance in 1939 “Pact of Steel”

15. Check on Learning
Who was the economist who advocated “Deficit Spending”?
What is Fascism?
Which Italian king handed power over to Mussolini?
What was the goal of Mussolini and the Fascist Party in Italy?
With whom did Mussolini sign the “Pact of Steel”
*You have 5 minutes to answer

16. Post WWI – Road to War
Japan adopted western customs after 1900 and became very prosperous
Zaibatsu were large financial and industrial corporations
They controlled Japanese industry with help from the government
Wealth was concentrated in relative few
Economic issues led to unrest as the Great Depression impacted the poor
Some wanted a return to traditional values

17. Post WWI – Road to War
The Japanese had extended their empire to get natural resources
Western nations, like the US, eventually opposed their expansion
The US wanted to keep Asia open for trade, and along with other nations restricted Japanese expansion to southern Manchuria
Many of the economic problems led to a push for militarism and a switch in the government
They reversed many of the western ideas
The army advocated an invasion of the rest of Manchuria, even though the government opposed it
The invasion took place and caused friction between Japan and the US

18. Post WWI – Road to War
After the Russian Revolution, some Marxist ideas took hold in Asia
Lenin created the Comintern, an organization of worldwide Communist Parties
He educated individuals in Moscow, and sent them back to their own countries
Parties spread throughout Asia

19. Post WWI – Road to War
Some parties, like China had great success by cooperating with existing nationalist parties
Ho Chi Minh organized the Vietnamese Communists in French Indochina
Other nations were uninterested in Communism

20. Post WWI – Road to War
After the Communist revolution of 1917, the Soviet Union was near collapse in 1920
Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet leader, created the New Economic Policy (NEP)
This allowed for modified capitalism
Peasants could sell produce and small businesses could be privately owned, but the government still controlled heavy industries and banking

21. Road to War
The Death of Vladimir Lenin created a power struggle in the Soviet Union between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky

22. Road to War The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin:
Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky were the leaders designated to take over after the death of Vladimir Lenin
Stalin and other leaders forced Trotsky into exile

23. Road to War
Stalin’s 5 YEAR PLANS - plan to modernize Russia’s economy and its industrial complex
All economic activity was brought under government control and was aimed at building heavy industry, improving transportation and farm output
Between 1928 and 1939, large factories, hydroelectric plants and oil refineries were built and the production of oil, steel and coal rose

24. Road to War The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin:
COLLECTIVES-Stalin also forced peasants to give up their private lands and farm on collectives
Resisters were often killed - Stalin targeted the wealthy peasants(Kulaks), for elimination, took their land and sent them to labor camps
The effects of collectivization
were that the peasants revolted,
their grain was seized and
between 5 to 8 million peasants
starved in just the Ukraine.

25. Road to War The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin: THE GREAT PURGE
Because of Stalin’s paranoia, he began in 1934, targeting older Bolsheviks, military officers, industrial managers, writers and ordinary citizens

26. Road to War The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin:
Stalin used his secret police, the KGB to root out those who were believed to oppose Stalin and their “trials” ended in execution or being sentenced to labor camps
The elimination of 90% of the officers in the military would haunt the USSR during WWII.

27. Democracy fail in E. Europe
Parliamentary systems were adopted in Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Balkans, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary
Failed because these countries had no tradition of political democracy
Most of the populations were rural, agrarian and illiterate
Traditions rooted in the Manorial system
Only Czechoslovakia, with its strong middle class and strong industrial base remained democratic

28. Check on Learning
Who was designated to take over the Soviet Union after the death of Vladimir Lenin?
What happened to Leon Trotsky?
What was the name of the plan to improve the Soviet Union’s industry and economy?
How were opponents of Stalin dealt with?
Who was targeted with “The Great Purge”
What was the name of the Soviet Secret Police?
ANSWER THE QUESTION AND TURN IN.