1. Late Effects of Radiation

2. Linear Nonthreshold Response to Radiation: Life Span Shortening in Mice
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3. Expected Days of Life Lost
Risky Condition
Expected Days of Life Lost
Being male rather than female
2800
Heart disease
2100
Being unmarried
2000
One pack of cigarettes a day
1600
Working as a coal miner
1100
Cancer
980
30 pounds overweight
900
Stroke
520
All accidents
435
Service in Vietnam
400
Motor vehicle accidents
200
Average occupational accidents 74
Speed limit increase from 55 to 65 mph 40
Radiation worker 12
Airplane crashes 1
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

4. Risk Estimates Relative risk Excess risk Absolute risk
Observed cases/Expected cases
Excess risk
Absolute risk
# Cases/106 persons/rad/yr
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

5. Incidence of Leukemia in Atomic Bomb Survivors
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Total
Total number of survivors in study
74,356
25,037
99,393
Observed cases of leukemia
102 42
144
Expected cases of leukemia 39 13 52
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

6. Radiation Induced Leukemia
Latent period = 4 to 7 years
At-risk period = 20 years
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7. Radiation Induced Cancers Observed in Irradiated Populations
Thyroid cancer
Thymus irradiation
Rongelap Atoll nuclear test
Bone cancer
Radium watch dial painters
Radium salt treatment
Skin cancer
Orthovoltage radiation therapy
Breast cancer
Tb treatment
A-bomb survivors
Lung cancer
Uranium miners
Liver and spleen cancer
Thorotrast
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

8. Effects of 200 rad in Utero
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9. Genetic Effects of Radiation Exposure
Linear, nonthreshold response
All mutations are harmful
Exclusively naturally occurring mutations
Dependent on fractionation and protraction
Females less radiosensitive than males
Most mutations are recessive
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10. The End
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.