2. Ohio Learning Standard #9
Industrialization had social, political & economic effects on Western Europe and the world

3. Economic Catalyst = Competition

4. Mercantilism
C_________ = sources of raw materials and marketplace for manufactured goods
Deposits of coal & iron = essential for industry
Iron works (Foundries) & T_______ mills (Fabrics)
Steel Cotton & Wool
Rapid Urbanization in many major European cities … but especially in Britain & Germany

5. Britain compared to US States … California Texas

6. Britain compared to … India China

8. Industrial Revolution
* Creates shift to machine power (S______ engines) factories, specialized labor & M_____ P________
* Agrarian societies become more Industrialized as populations shift from Rural to Urban (Jobs)

9. Manufacturing
Better systems of Transportation & In_________ (banking/stocks) = C__________
Cost-effective methods of production led to rise mechanization & factories
Increase volume/variety of manufactured goods … Standard of Living for more = PR______

11. Steam & Steel
Engine first used to pump water out of mines … later used to power machinery, ships, & locomotives
Henry Bessemer develops process for mass-producing steel (injecting air)… becomes an essential building material for machines, ships, & buildings

12. British take Industrial lead
Demand for goods increased because of innovation … leading to increased productivity = Mechanized … requiring less labor  further reducing costs per unit … Increases Profits / Investment
Ex: Production of iron/steel - using charcoal-fired furnace

14. Major Turning Point in History
… Almost every aspect of daily life influenced:
Electricity (generators, hydro-power, coal-fired) … uses in homes, cities, factories, transportation
Telegraph & Telephone … on to Radio Waves
Internal combustion engines (Gas & Diesel) … use in cars, trucks, trains, ships, airplanes

15. Toward Worldwide Economy
Industrial production grew at rapidly in many nations:
- especially Consumer goods (food, clothes, tools, furniture)
Mass Production through use of Assembly Lines
Reduced transportation costs (RRs & Ships)
Department Stores sprang up in cities
ordering goods by mail (catalogs)

16. Conditions of Life - significant increase in worker wages
Living conditions during industrial revolution is controversial … often causing heated debates among historians
- per-capita (person) economic growth
- average income & living standard growth for majority of population
- significant increase in worker wages
- millions of urban poor suffering in severe living standards
- child labor was commonplace (even as early as 9 years old)

17. Poor Working/Living Conditions
U_____ areas were prime for factories - concentrated labor supply & adequate water
Cities unable to keep pace with arriving workers - resulting in overcrowded housing & unsanitary living conditions = T__________

18. No AFLAC
Today - governments typically make Laws & R___________ saying employers have to provide safer working conditions and a “l_______ w_____” for employees
Industrial Revolution none of these laws existed - so working in a factory proved very dangerous … and there was no Workman’s Compensation! … Life Expectancy rates dropped Dramatically!