1. Manifest destiny

2. Themes
Pioneers
Independence of Texas
Mexican War

3. Western Pioneers
Discuss the invention that made it easier to farm the Great Plains.
Analyze why Americans were willing to give up their lives in the East to move to the West.
Explain the actions Congress made to help squatters acquire land.

4. West John Louis O’ Sullivan Squatter Preemption Act 1830 Inventions
Iron plow - Jethro Wood
Steel plow – John Deere
Mechanical reaper – Cyrus McCormick

5. Pacific Coast Oregon California Trappers Overlanders Indians
Joint claims
Missionaries
California
Mexican Independence (1821)
John Sutter (50,000 acres)
Trappers
Beaver
Frontier life
Trails – Oregon, Californian, Santa Fe
Overlanders
Indians
Trade
Buffalo
Treaty of Ft. Laramie

6. C. Mormons
Religious freedom
Brigham Young
Great Salt Lake – “Deseret”

7. Chapter 9.1 Review Questions
How did Congress protect squatters?
Why did Native Americans begin to fear American settlers who migrated West?
Why was the Mormon Trail important to western settlement?

8. Independence for Texas

9. Americans Tejanos Mexican Policy National Colonization Act Rebellion
Citizenship
Mexican law
Roman Catholicism
National Colonization Act
empresarios
Stephen Austin – Washington-on-the-Brazos
Rebellion
Haden & Benjamin Edwards
Fredonia
Mexican Reaction

10. Texas War for Independence
Texas Conventions 1832 & 1833
1832 – petition the Mexican government
1833 – more aggressive (Coahuila)
Negotiations – Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Battle of Gonzales
first victory
“Come and Take It”
Sam Houston
Battle of the Alamo
William B. Travis
Significance
Goliad
Battle of San Jacinto
Annexation

11. Chapter 9.2 Questions
Why did the Mexican government close its borders to American immigration?
Why did Texas declare their independence from Mexico?

12. III. Mexican War

13. Territorial Dispute Louisiana Purchase President John Tyler
Mexico Stance on Texas

14. Election of 1844 Publicity campaign Election 1844 Texas (1845)
Henry Clay & Martin Van Buren
James K. Polk
“Fifty Four Forty or Fight”
Texas (1845)
Border Dispute
Nueces River
Rio Grande River
John Slidell

15. War with Mexico General Zachary Taylor
“American blood has been shed on American soil”
Three Pronge Strategy
Zach Taylor
Santa Fe
Mexico City
Call for volunteers
Stephen Kearny
John C. Fremont – Bear Flag Republic
General Winfield Scott
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo

16. Chapter 9.3 Review Questions
Why was war with Mexico inevitable?
How did Texas and Oregon enter the Union?
What were the provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?