1. Physical Activity Injuries

2. Weather-Related Risks
Hot Weather Health Risks
Concerns of dehydration and smog
Overexertion: overworking the body
Heat exhaustion: an overheating of the body that results in cold, clammy skin and symptoms of shock
dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, nausea
Heat cramps: muscle spasms that result from a loss of large amounts of salt and water through perspiration
Heat stroke: a condition in which the body loses the ability to rid itself of excessive heat through perspiration
Can lead to life-threatening condition…hypERthermia

3. What To Do?

4. Weather-Related Risks
Cold Weather Health Risks
Try to dress in THREE layers:
Layer 1: pulls moisture and perspiration from your body (dry)
Layer 2: keeps you warm (insulation)
Layer 3: keeps warmth in while keeping water and wind out
Wear a hat
70% of body’s heat is lost through the head
Start slowly and be sure to warm-up your muscles

5. Weather-Related Risks
Cold Weather Health Risks
Frostbite: a condition that results when body tissues become frozen
Early warning sign is frostnip – whitening of the skin of the toes, fingers, nose, or ears
HypOthermia: a condition in which body temperature becomes dangerously low
Results from lengthy exposure to cold weather, wind, rain, or submersion in cold water
Body loses ability to warm itself
Brain cannot function and body systems shut down

6. What To Do?

7. Protecting Yourself from Sun and Wind
Windburn: when skin becomes red, tight, and sore to the touch as a result of being exposed to freezing winds
Sunburn: a burning of the outer layers of the skin… mild?…severe?…
Repeated and prolonged exposure to the sun speeds up the skin’s aging process and increases risk of developing skin cancer
10:00 A.M. – 4:00 P.M.

8. Protecting Yourself from Sun and Wind
Cover up and wear a broad-brimmed hat
Use sunscreen (>SPF 15) and lip balm
even on cloudy days
30 minutes before going outside
reapply every two hours
UV rays can damage your eyes
Cataract: a cloudy covering over the lens of the eye
Use sunglasses…especially on water or snow

9. Minor Injuries Muscle soreness
Warming up, cooling down, and stretching can reduce muscle soreness
Muscle cramp: a spasm or sudden tightening of a muscle
Occurs when muscle is tired, overworked, or dehydrated
Strain: a condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon
Sprain: an injury to the ligament surrounding a joint
pain, swelling, limited mobility

10. Treatment for Minor Injuries
Page 102 FIGURE 4.5
REST
ICE
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION

11. Major Injuries Fracture: a break in a bone
Dislocation: bone is forced from its normal position at a joint
Tendonitis: tendons, bands of fiber that connect muscles to bones, are stretched or torn from overuse
Concussions: blows to the head and can cause swelling in the brain, resulting unconsciousness or even death