1. Common commercial policy of the European Union
Tamas Dezso Ziegler
Common commercial policy of the European Union
(an overview)

2. China and the EU

3. China and the EU

4. China and the EU

5. China and the EU

6. EU and China
‚EU imposes import duties of up to 73.7% on cheap Chinese steel… The EU has agreed to impose import duties of between 13.2% and 22.6% on Chinese hot-rolled steel, which is used in pipelines and gas containers, and 65.1% and 73.7% on heavy plates, which are used in civil engineering projects.’ The Guardian

7. Trde within the EU
EU has many treaties with different countries around the world
Free trade areas
Bilateral investment protection (negotiations with China)
More complex treaties
Special relationships: US: regulatory cooperation as well

8. EU trade agreements

9. EU commercial policy Exclusive EU competency
Unlike in foreign policy: no veto rights
Unified customs at the border, inside: no customs: EU customs Union
Source:

10. EU commercial policy tools
Tariffs

11. EU commercial policy tools
Countervailing measures: subsidised imports on the EU market and (in theory) restore fair competition
Used when a foreign state helps exports
Anti-dumping measures counter dumping practices occurring when non-EU manufacturers sell their goods in the EU below the normal value (usually the sales price) on their domestic market.
Used when an extreme amount of goods arrive to the EU

12. EU commercial policy tools
Other, less important measures
Import quotas: not as common
Export measures (tariffs, quotas): rare
Embargo + political actions
EU Russia relations

13. Controveries Free trade proponent v. protectionism
Rationality of tariffs
EU agriculture would collapse without protection

14. Controveries EU-China solar panel dispute
‚The EU announced on Sept. 16 that it would progressively reduce the minimum prices that Chinese solar panel makers are allowed to sell their products for in Europe. The prices will be cut every three months, first on Oct 1 and finally on July 1 next year…. Chinese companies that sell below these set minimum prices are subject to import duties of up to 64.9 percent.’ Reuters.uk