1. Properties of Matter

2. Properties of Matter
chemists use characteristic properties to tell substances apart and to separate them
some properties define a group of substances

3. Types of Properties
Extensive- a property that depends on the amount of matter
Ex: volume, mass, amount of energy
Intensive- a property that does not depend on the amount of matter
Ex: density, boiling point, ability to conduct electricity

4. A. Extensive vs. Intensive
Examples:
boiling point
volume
mass
density
Conductivity
temperature

5. Types of Properties
Physical property- characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance
Chemical property- relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into a different substance
Easiest to see when a chemical is reacting

6. B. Physical vs. Chemical physical chemical Examples:
melting & boiling point
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in air

7. Physical Changes in Matter
change in a substance that doesn’t change the identity of the substance
Ex. grinding, cutting, melting, boiling
Includes all changes of state (physical changes of a substance from one state to another)

8. Solid definite volume definite shape
atoms are packed together in fixed positions
strong attractive forces between atoms
only vibrate in place

9. Liquid definite volume indefinite shape atoms are close together
atoms can overcome attractive forces to flow

10. Gases indefinite volume indefinite shape atoms move very quickly
atoms are far apart
pretty weak attractive forces

11. Chemical Changes in Matter
A change in which a substance is converted into a different substance
Also known as a chemical reaction
Doesn’t change the amount of matter present (Law of Conservation of Mass)
reactants- substances that react
products- substances that are formed

12. mercury + iodine  mercuric iodide

13. Signs of a Chemical Change
Heat is released (gas is given off) or absorbed (feels cold)
Bubbles form without heating
Color change without an apparent cause

14. B. Physical vs. Chemical chemical physical Physical Examples:
rusting iron
dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
Decomposing tree

15. Physical vs Chemical Color Change
What is the difference between the cause of color change in the two pictures below?

16. What types of matter are there?
Element
Compound
Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture

18. Atom- smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of element
Evolution of the atom

19. Element- pure substance made of only one type of atom

20. TNT Salt Caffeine Sugar
Compound- substance made of 2 or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded
TNT
Salt
Caffeine
Sugar

21. Pure Substances every sample has same: are made of:
characteristic properties
composition
are made of:
one type of atom: element
Ex: iron, gold, oxygen
2 or more types of atoms: compound
Ex: salt, sugar, water

22. Which are pure substances?

23. Mixtures blend of 2 or more types of matter
each component keeps its own identity and properties
the components are only physically mixed
can be separated using physical means
properties of the mixture are a combination of the properties of the componenent’s properties

24. Homogeneous Mixtures also called solution uniform in composition
no visible parts
Ex:
vinegar
salt water
brass

25. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Ex:
soil
concrete
blood
chocolate chip cookies
sand in water
iced tea with ice
not uniform in composition
visible parts

26. Mixtures

28. Practice Determine whether each of the following is element, compound, homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture.
air
wood
chlorine
granite
aluminum
sugar in water
blood
sucrose
stainless steel
sodium chloride
brass
whole milk
apple
table salt
soft drinks
vinegar
concrete
sodium
baking soda (NaHCO3)
gravel