1. Punctuations

2. Apostrophes Apostrophes
Possessive case – the possessive case of a noun or pronoun shows ownership or possession
Examples
the performers’ costume Mr. Elders’ dog
my best friend's cousin our cousins
N.B use an apostrophe to form the possessive forms of nouns and indefinite pronouns.

3. To form possessive of most singular nouns, add an apostrophe and an s.
Example
A bird’s nest Louis’s opinion
The principal’s office
A leader’s responsibility

4. When forming the possessive of a singular noun ending in an s sound, add only an apostrophe if the noun has two or more syllables and if the addition of an apostrophe and an s will make the noun awkward t pronounce. Otherwise, add an apostrophe and an s.
Example: for conscience sake
The witness’s testimony

5. To form the possessive of a plural noun ending in s, add only the apostrophe
Example: the girls’ gym the joneses’ house
the players’ uniforms
the volunteers’ effort
The few plural nouns that do not end in s form the possessive by adding an apostrophe and an s. for example:
Women’s fashion children’s toys
mice’s nest

6. In general, you should not use an apostrophe to form an noun.
INCORRECT : How many Olympic medal’s did
Carl Lewis win?
CORRECT: How many Olympic medals did

7. Possessive Personal Pronouns
Do not use an apostrophe with possessive personal pronouns or with the possessive pronoun whose.
Possessive Personal Pronouns
First Person
my, mine
our, ours
Second Person
your, yours
Third Person
his, her, hers, its
their, theirs

8. Examples
INCORRECT: The leopard can’t change it’s spots. CORRECT: The leopard can’t change its spots. INCORRECT: Majorie is the girl who’s mother I met. CORRECT: Majorie is the girl whose mother I met.

9. Indefinite Pronouns in the possessive case
To form a possessive of an indefinite pronoun, add an apostrophe and an s
Indefinite Pronouns in the possessive case
another’s
each’s
nobody’s
other’s
anybody’s
everybody’s
no one’s
somebody’s
anyone’s
everyone’s
one’s
someone’s

10. Examples One runner got in the other’s ways.
He seems to need everybody’s attention

11. Semicolons
Use a semicolon between independent and dependent clauses that are closely related in the thought and that are not joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet)
Example: The rain had finally stopped; a few rays of sunshine were pushing their way through breaks in the cold.

12. Do not use a semicolon to join independent clauses unless there is a close relationship between the main ideas of the clauses
A conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression indicates the relationship of the independent clauses that it joins.
Example : The snowfall made travelling difficult; nevertheless, we arrived home safely.

13. Commonly Used Conjunction Adverb
Commonly used conjunctive adverbs
accordingly
however
moreover
besides
indeed
nevertheless
consequently
instead
otherwise
furthermore
meanwhile
therefore

14. Commonly Used Transitional Expression
in other words
for instance
as a result
for example
in fact
that is

15. Use a comma after a conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression that is used directly after a semicolon joining independent clauses. When used within a clause, a conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression is set off by commas
Examples: Most members of congress favour the new tax bill; however, the president does not support it.
Most members of congress favour the new tax bill; the president, however, does not support it.

16. A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed before a coordinating conjunction to join independent clauses that contain commas.
Example
Some monarc

17. Examples
The club’s president has appointed the following people to chair the standing committe