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Punctuations.

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Presentation on theme: "Punctuations."— Presentation transcript:

1 Punctuations

2 Apostrophes Apostrophes
Possessive case – the possessive case of a noun or pronoun shows ownership or possession Examples the performers’ costume Mr. Elders’ dog my best friend's cousin our cousins N.B use an apostrophe to form the possessive forms of nouns and indefinite pronouns.

3 To form possessive of most singular nouns, add an apostrophe and an s.
Example A bird’s nest Louis’s opinion The principal’s office A leader’s responsibility

4 When forming the possessive of a singular noun ending in an s sound, add only an apostrophe if the noun has two or more syllables and if the addition of an apostrophe and an s will make the noun awkward t pronounce. Otherwise, add an apostrophe and an s. Example: for conscience sake The witness’s testimony

5 To form the possessive of a plural noun ending in s, add only the apostrophe
Example: the girls’ gym the joneses’ house the players’ uniforms the volunteers’ effort The few plural nouns that do not end in s form the possessive by adding an apostrophe and an s. for example: Women’s fashion children’s toys mice’s nest

6 In general, you should not use an apostrophe to form an noun.
INCORRECT : How many Olympic medal’s did Carl Lewis win? CORRECT: How many Olympic medals did

7 Possessive Personal Pronouns
Do not use an apostrophe with possessive personal pronouns or with the possessive pronoun whose. Possessive Personal Pronouns First Person my, mine our, ours Second Person your, yours Third Person his, her, hers, its their, theirs

8 Examples INCORRECT: The leopard can’t change it’s spots. CORRECT: The leopard can’t change its spots. INCORRECT: Majorie is the girl who’s mother I met. CORRECT: Majorie is the girl whose mother I met.

9 Indefinite Pronouns in the possessive case
To form a possessive of an indefinite pronoun, add an apostrophe and an s Indefinite Pronouns in the possessive case another’s each’s nobody’s other’s anybody’s everybody’s no one’s somebody’s anyone’s everyone’s one’s someone’s

10 Examples One runner got in the other’s ways.
He seems to need everybody’s attention

11 Semicolons Use a semicolon between independent and dependent clauses that are closely related in the thought and that are not joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet) Example: The rain had finally stopped; a few rays of sunshine were pushing their way through breaks in the cold.

12 Do not use a semicolon to join independent clauses unless there is a close relationship between the main ideas of the clauses A conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression indicates the relationship of the independent clauses that it joins. Example : The snowfall made travelling difficult; nevertheless, we arrived home safely.

13 Commonly Used Conjunction Adverb
Commonly used conjunctive adverbs accordingly however moreover besides indeed nevertheless consequently instead otherwise furthermore meanwhile therefore

14 Commonly Used Transitional Expression
in other words for instance as a result for example in fact that is

15 Use a comma after a conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression that is used directly after a semicolon joining independent clauses. When used within a clause, a conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression is set off by commas Examples: Most members of congress favour the new tax bill; however, the president does not support it. Most members of congress favour the new tax bill; the president, however, does not support it.

16 A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed before a coordinating conjunction to join independent clauses that contain commas. Example Some monarc

17 Examples The club’s president has appointed the following people to chair the standing committe


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