1. Chapter 12 Growing and Changing Lesson 2 The Endocrine System
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2. The system of glands throughout the body that regulate body functions
Chemical substances produced in certain glands that help to regulate the way your body functions
hormones
endocrine system
The system of glands throughout the body that regulate body functions
Click to reveal the definitions.
The process by which the body gets energy from food
metabolism

3. In this lesson, you will learn to
describe how the endocrine system affects growth and development.
identify two disorders of the endocrine system and how to treat them.
find information about managing diabetes.

4. Parts of the Endocrine System
Analyzing a Graphic
Use the diagram shown here to create a concept map about the endocrine system. Fill in the map as you read the lesson.
Parts of the Endocrine System
Pancreas

5. Parts of the Endocrine System
Hormones are produced by the organs of the endocrine system.
hormones Chemical substances produced in certain glands that help to regulate the way your body functions
endocrine system The system of glands throughout the body that regulate body functions

6. Parts of the Endocrine System
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Ovaries (in female)
Testes
(in male)
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Pancreas
Parathyroid gland:
Located within the thyroid gland.
Regulates the levels of calcium and phosphorous in the blood.
Adrenal gland:
Produces hormones that help regulate the balance of salt and water in the body.
Aids in digestion.
Controls the body’s response to emergencies and excitement.
Ovaries:
Produces hormones that control sexual development and maturing eggs.
Testes:
Produces hormones that control sexual development and the production of sperm.
Pituitary gland:
Produces several hormones that control the work of other glands and organs, such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and kidneys.
Produces hormones that regulate the body’s growth and development.
Thyroid gland:
Produces a hormone that regulates body growth and the rate of metabolism.
Pancreas:
Controls the level of sugar in the blood.
Provides the small intestines with digestive chemicals called enzymes.

7. Glands and Hormones
Hormones act like chemical signals that tell your organs and tissues what to do.
For example, the pancreases makes the hormones insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar.
When the pancreas releases insulin into the blood, it lowers the level of sugar in the blood.
When the pancreas releases glucagon, it raises the blood sugar level.
If blood sugar is too low, you feel weak and lightheaded. If blood sugar is too high, you can feel nauseated.

8. Metabolism is regulated by hormones made by the thyroid gland.
Glands and Hormones
One major role of the endocrine system is to control the body’s metabolism.
metabolism The process by which the body gets energy from food
Metabolism is regulated by hormones made by the thyroid gland.

9. Diseases of the Endocrine System
If there are problems with one or more glands in the endocrine system, organs won’t function properly.
Diseases of the endocrine system can develop when either too much or too little of a hormone is produced.

10. Diabetes
Diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t produce enough of the hormone called insulin, or doesn’t respond properly to insulin that is produced.
Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in the blood.

11. Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes
Germ-fighting cells in the body attack the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin.
The body doesn’t produce enough insulin and there is too much sugar in the blood.
Treated with regular injections of insulin.
Enough insulin is produced, but the body can’t use it properly.
More common in people who are overweight.
May result in infections and wounds that do not heal.
Treated with a carefully managed diet and regular physical activitiy.
People can be born with type 1 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes often develops in adults, but people of all ages, including children, can develop it.
If diabetes is not managed well, people may suffer from poor circulation, nerve damage, heart disease, kidney failure, or blindness. Poor circulation and nerve damage can result in the need to amputate a body part such as a toe, a foot, or leg.

12. Thyroid Disease Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism
Thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones to regulate metabolism.
Can result in tiredness, feeling cold, dry skin, and weight gain.
Can delay growth in teens.
Can be treated with replacement hormones.
Thyroid gland produces too many hormones, resulting in a very high metabolism.
Can result in sweating, excessive eating, weight loss, tremors, and muscle weakness.
Can be treated with medication.

13. What I Learned Vocabulary What is metabolism? Lesson 2 Review
the process by which the body gets energy from food

14. Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
List What are three functions of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
regulating growth, controlling the rate of metabolism, and lowering the amount of calcium in the blood

15. Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Explain How are type 1 and type 2 diabetes usually treated?
Type 1 diabetes is usually treated with insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes is usually treated with diet and exercise.

16. What I Learned Explain How is hypothyroidism treated? Lesson 2 Review
Hypothyroidism is treated with replacement hormones.

17. Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Infer Why might a disease that affects an endocrine gland have effects on other parts of the body?
Sample answer: The disease might affect the production of endocrine hormones, which regulate organs and other glands in the body.

18. Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply Some drugs are synthetic, or artificial, hormones. Why is it necessary to consult a doctor before taking this kind of medication to treat a disease?
Sample answer: You should take a hormone only if recommended by a doctor, perhaps because your own hormone level is too low.

19. Chapter 12 Growing and Changing End of Lesson 2 The Endocrine System
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