1. Properties of Matter

2. Kinds of Matter Elements
cannot be broken down into any other substance
Atoms
Ex: Oxygen
Ex: Hydrogen

3. Kinds of Matter Compounds
two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio. Ex. Salt, water

4. Kinds of Matter Mixtures
two substances that are together in the same place but are NOT chemically combined. Ex: ocean water, air, soil

5. Colloids and Solutions
Colloid: a mixture of two substances combined together with EVEN distribution of particles.
Solution: a homogenous (uniform) mixture.
How can you tell the difference?
Pass light through. Light goes right through a solution, such as sugar water, but a colloid, like milk will scatter the light.

6. States of Matter
Matter exists in one of three main states (although there are exceptions)

7. Solids Definite volume Definite shape Their volume doesn’t change
They keep their shape

8. Liquids Definite volume Indefinite shape Viscosity: resistance to flow
Their volume doesn’t change
Indefinite shape
They take the shape of their container
Viscosity: resistance to flow
High viscosity – slow flow (honey)
Low viscosity – easy flow (water)

9. Gasses Indefinite volume Indefinite shape
They take up all available space
Indefinite shape
They take the shape of their container

10. Properties of Matter
Characteristics of a substance

11. Physical Properties
properties that can be observed without a chemical reaction taking place
Ex: color, shape, smell, freezing/boiling point, density, viscosity

12. Chemical Properties
properties that can only be observed through a chemical reaction
Ex: heat of combustion (how hot it burns), reactivity with other substances (ex: water), pH (acidity)

13. Physical Changes
alter the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical structure

14. Chemical Changes
changes in the chemical structure of a substance

15. Mass vs. Weight Mass is the amount of matter in an object
Mass is a property of matter
An object’s mass WILL NOT change depending on its location in the universe
Weight is the force that gravity exerts on the mass of an object
Weight is NOT a property of matter
An object’s weight WILL change depending on its location in the universe

16. Law of Conservation of Mass
The amount of matter you start with will be equal to the amount of matter that is left after a physical or chemical change

17. Density
Density is a measure of how closely packed the atoms are in a substance
Density is a property of matter
Objects that are less dense will float
Objects that are more dense will sink