1. Management And Motivation
Chapter 2
Management
And
Motivation

2. Introduction Motivation – defined Rewards – defined Intrinsic rewards
Extrinsic rewards
Who motivates employees?
Managers vs. employees themselves
Is everyone motivated?

3. Theories of Motivation
Psychologists study motivation from the perspectives of:
Needs at different levels
Extrinsic factors
Intrinsic factors
Integration of needs, extrinsic and intrinsic factors

4. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological needs – food, water, sexual drive, etc.
Safety needs – shelter, jobs, pay, etc.
Belonging needs – social interactions, etc.
Esteem needs – status, recognition, etc.
Self-actualization needs – achievement, personal development and growth, etc.

5. Other Need-based Motivation Theories
McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory
Achievement
Affiliation
Power
Alderfer’s 3 Factor ERG Theory
Existence
Relatedness
Growth/development
Herzberg’s 2-Factor Theory
Hygienes
Motivators

6. Extrinsic Factor Theory of Motivation
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory
Positive Reinforcement
Avoidance Learning = Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction

7. Intrinsic Factor Theories of Motivation
Adam’s Equity Theory
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
Locke’s Goal Setting Theory

8. Management Theories of Motivation
Taylor’s Scientific Management
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Ouchi’s Theory Z
Integrative Model of Motivation

9. Extrinsic Rewards -- Tangibles
Money
Benefits
Flexible schedules
Job Responsibilities
Promotions
Status changes
Supervision
Praise/feedback
Good boss
Strong leader
Inspirational people
Nurturing organizational culture

10. Intrinsic Rewards -- Intangibles
Healthy relationships – feeling a sense of connection
Meaningful vs. meaningless work
Competence
Choice and participation in decision-making
Progress – accountability, meeting milestones

11. Myths about Motivation and Satisfaction
“Although I’m not motivated by extrinsic rewards, others are”
All motivation is intrinsic
Some people just are not motivated
People are motivated by money
Motivation is manipulation
One-size-fits-all reward programs
Motivational people are born, not made
There’s only one kind of employee satisfaction

12. Motivational Strategies
Expect the best
Reward the desired behavior
Create a FUN (Focused, Unpredictable, Novel) Approach
Reward employees to enhance performance and motivate
Tailor rewards
Focus on revitalizing employees
Get subordinates to take responsibility for their own motivation
Play to employee’s strengths, promote high performance, focus on how they learn

13. Whether you think you can or you think you can’t, you’re right!
Henry Ford