1. Indirect Evidence for Evolution

2. Fossil Record Dating Fossils
The Law of Superposition: oldest fossils found at bottom and newest on top
Radioactive Carbon Dating: C14 can be used to age fossils

3. *Same structure different function
Comparative Anatomy
Homologous structures:
A common limb that has evolved to perform a different function.
Ex: Bird wing, human arm, whale fluke all have similar bone structure
*Same structure different function

4. Analogous structure:
Different structures that perform the same function
Ex: Bird wing vs. fly wing
*Same function, different structure

5. *Other examples: appendix & coccyx
Vestigial structures: A structure that is reduced in function (snake hips)
*Other examples: appendix & coccyx

6. Wisdom Teeth

7. Comparative Embryology:
Comparing the embryos of different species can give clues to evolutionary relationships.

9. Biogeography Study of the distribution of plants and animals on Earth
Life & where life is found
Example:
Island species most closely resemble species on the nearest mainland

11. Direct Evidence for Evolution
Evidence of evolution that one can visually observe over time
(a.k.a Microevolution)

13. 1. Observations in Nature (Observed Evolutionary Change)
Peppered Moth

14. Adaptations
Favorable traits that make an organism more likely or “fit” to survive
Traits are controlled by genes

15. Examples of Adaptation
Camouflage – blending in
Peppered moth
Mimicry – an individual gains an advantage by looking like the individuals of a different species
Monarch is poisonous and Viceroy is not

17. 2. Changes in Genetic Make-up (molecular biology)
The organism whose genetic make-up will aid in its survival will reproduce and pass on those traits

18. Example
Taking antibiotics will kill most of the bacteria causing you a problem.
If just 1 bacterium is resistant to the antibiotics (different genetic make-up), it will survive and reproduce more bacteria resistant to the antibiotic…
They have evolved!!