1. SOLUTIONS - HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES, 2 or more substances mixed together at the molecular level
saltwater
steel
(alloy)
air

2. SUSPENSIONS (muddy water - solute settles out)
NOT SOLUTIONS
SUSPENSIONS (muddy water - solute settles out)
COLLOID (milk - globules)
TYNDALL EFFECT
Light will be visible when passing through colloids & suspensions

3. WATER - UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
IONIC
HYDROXYL

4. MOLARITY (MEASURE OF CONCENTRATION)
MOLES OF SOLUTE
LITERS OF SOLUTION g
mol mL mL g L
38 g sucrose
(C12H22O11)
354 mL

5. PRACTICE
5g NaCl in 500mL
10g CaO in 100mL
20g HCl in 200mL
25g Li2O in 500mL

6. You need to make 100 mL of a 2M sucrose solution
MOLES OF SOLUTE
LITERS OF SOLUTION
100mL 2M g
1000mL
1 mol
(C12H22O11)

7. PRACTICE
1M NaCl in 500mL
0.5M CaO in 100mL
0.2M HCl in 200mL
0.8M (C6H12O6) in 300mL

8. Add 40 mL of 1M solution to 10mL water = 50 mL of a 0.8M solution
Appendix A
CiVi = CfVf You have a 1M glucose solution. You need 50 mL of a 0.8M solution
(1M)(Vi) =( 0.8M)(50mL)
Vi = 40mL
Add 40 mL of 1M solution to 10mL water = 50 mL of a 0.8M solution

9. Could you do this if you started with a 1M solution?
PRACTICE
START ALL SOLUTIONS WITH A 2M CONCENTRATION
Make 500ml of a 0.5M NaCl solution
Make 100ml of a 1M CaO solution
Make 200mL of a 0.2M HCl solution
Make 20mL of a 0.6M C6H12O6 solution
Could you do this if you started with a 1M solution?

10. How easy it is for a solute to dissolve in a solvent
SOLUBILITY
How easy it is for a solute to dissolve in a solvent
Review - IV and DV?

11. INSOLUBLE - unable to mix with solvent
Polar and Polar

12. SATURATED - point which no more solute will dissolve
Equilibrium - solute moves into and out of solution at an equal rate
Supersaturated - increase in temperature allows more solute to be dissolved. As solution cools, solution becomes supersaturated

13. RELATE TO AQUATIC LIFE (RIVERS, ARCTIC OCEAN, INDIAN OCEAN, ETC.)
GAS AS A SOLUTE
RELATE TO AQUATIC LIFE (RIVERS, ARCTIC OCEAN, INDIAN OCEAN, ETC.)

14. homo-
solution
milli
mole
molarity
milliliter
molar mass
solute
solvent
solubility
insoluble