1. 3.1 Settling In
NL Studies 2205

2. Our Previous Unit…Quick Review
We examined the peopling of NL to the early 16th century
We examined factors that contributed to the establishment of European migratory fisheries in NL
Examined the prosecution & consequences of the migratory fisheries

3. Our Current Focus In the coming weeks, we will:
1. Examine factors that contributed to the emergence of the resident fishery
2. Examine the prosecution and consequences of the resident fisheries
3. Examine changes in NL’s political status

4. Questions to Ponder
How would you feel if you were asked (or forced) to leave your family & friends to permanently settle in an unknown area?
If you were to move today to a new country, what challenges might you face? How would you overcome them?

5. Why Did a Resident Fishery Emerge?

6. The Resident Fishery
For nearly 300 years the fishery in NL was a seasonal migratory activity conducted by Europeans from late spring to early fall (Migratory Fishery)
By 1815, the migratory fishery had all but ended & more permanent settlement patterns had appeared throughout our province
The migratory fishery had actually been replaced by the resident fishery

8. The Resident Fishery
The resident fishery was actually closely connected to the emergence of permanent settlement on our island
We will now examine some of the factors that contributed to growth of settlement & a resident fishery

9. 1. British Warfare
From 1775 to 1815, Britain fought several wars with America and France
Revolutionary War, Napoleonic Wars
Wars…
disrupted shipping
Interfered with transport of workers and supplies
These wars disrupted shipping & interfered with the transfer or workers & supplies needed for the migratory fishery

10. 1. British Warfare Costs rose for merchants due to these wars
They were firced to pay workers more to travel in dangerous times
Many didn’t want to travel
Merchants began looking to residents to catch the required fish
This also lead to merchants moving here to do business in person or through resident agents.

12. 2. Impressment
Impressment was forced military conscription of men into the ships of the British Royal Navy.
The Royal Navy was the world’s largest & because Britain was constantly at war, the Royal Navy needed a steady supply of men.
Men were “pressed” into serve.

13. Press Gangs

14. 2. Impressment
The fishery of NL was supposed to be training grounds for seamen, who, when required were expected to join the RN
Because large numbers of able seamen were needed for the navy, this created a labor shortage in the migratory fishery
This forced the British fish merchants to pay more for wages & provisions, which decreased their profits
More convenient & less risky for merchants who sponsored resident fishers rather than financing Atlantic migrations (by 1790, residents were the main fishers here)

15. 3. Winter & Other Activities
Other activities becoming popular
Fur trapping, sealing, boat building salmon fishing)
Many activities were performed in winter months
Provided incentive to stay year round
Employment opportunities were poor in both Britain and Ireland and wages were low
By 1790s, residents were catching majority of fish in “this place”

16. Key Words Livyer: Europeans who settled in Labrador
Emigration: a type of migration. When you leave one place and move to another.
Moravians: Christian missionaries from Moravia (present day Czech Republic) that set us “missions” or churches for the Inuit in Labrador.
Hudson Bay Company: Established in 1670, it was the key player in the North American fur trade, doing business with European settlers and the aboriginal peoples.