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Global Warming 1
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Alaska Carroll Glacier
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Alaska Holgate Glacier
Since 1980, the average thickness of a set of well-studied reference glaciers has decreased by an amount equivalent to more than 57 feet (17 meters) of water 3
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Mt Kilimanjaro 4
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Change in Arctic Sea Ice
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Chart of CO2, Temp, Sea Level
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Global CO2 Levels & Temp 11
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Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere
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Global Warming Potential vs CO2
The Main GHGs Gas Lifetime (Yrs) Proportion vs CO2 Global Warming Potential vs CO2 over 20 Yrs Comments Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 30-95 1 Fossil Fuels Agriculture Methane (CH4) 12 1/220 84x Oil & gas Waste Mgmt Nitrous Oxide (NO2) 121 1/1350 264x Fertilizer use Fossil fuels -also water vapour, CFCs, HFCs 13
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Sources of GHGs Source Proportion Comments Power Plants 25 – 30%
Coal, oil, natural gas Buildings 18% heating/cooling Industry 15% Includes cement & petrochemicals Transport 12% road/aviation Energy Industry 13% Includes oil & gas production/coal mining Land use includes deforestation, degradation, land use change/soil use Livestock 6% Carbon dioxide, methane Waste 3% solid & water knowledge/topics/environment/articles/ fifteen-sources-of- greenhouse-gases.html/#!m4432cf0e-cb70-4ff1-bc0e-5e5c2797e856 14
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Scope of the Climate Change Problem
Rolling Stone Magazine – July 19, 2012 2 degrees Celsius 565 Gigatons 2795 Gigatons 15
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Renewable Energy Capacity Growth
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Renewable Energy’s Share of theTotal
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Changes in Fuels Used for Electric Power Generation
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$/Mwh 22
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What Can We Do? Governments: Federal
International Cooperation – COP commitments Incentives/subsidies/taxes – carbon pricing Funding for domestic research Funding to developing nations Provincial Incentives/subsidies/taxes – cap and trade Green Ontario Fund Individual Education Respond to economic incentives Lifestyle choices 23
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Drawdown Summary of Possible Reduction of GHGs by Sector over Next 30 Years
PossibleTotal Atmospheric CO2-EQ Reduction(GT) Net Cost ($USbillions) Net Savings Buildings & Cities 55 4,778 17,906 Energy 246 4,923 20,959 Food 322 777 10,017 Land Use 150 65 1,250 Materials 112 1,125 1,040 Transport 46 15,676 22,666 Women & Girls 121 N/A 88 24
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Drawdown Challenge April 4-25
Drawdown Solutions Buildings & Cities Energy Food Land Use Materials Transport Women & Girls 25
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How Are We Doing? 26
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Rank Solution Sector Total CO2 equivalent Reduction (Gt) Net Cost
($USbillions) Net Savings 1 Refrigeration M’gment Materials 89.74 N/A 2 Onshore Wind Turbines Energy 28
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Ontario’s Energy Mix (Apr 20/2018)
Source Percent of Total Generation (MW) Nuclear 58.3 9215 Hydro 24.6 3893 Nat Gas 11.2 1777 Wind 5.2 780 Solar <1 125 Biofuel <<1 27 29
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Ontario Hydro Rates TOU Pricing (cents per kWh) Peak – 13.2c
Midpeak – 9.5c Offpeak – 6.5c Current temporary reduction to cost $44b Since Green Energy Act and before temporary reduction Ontario hydro rates increased 71% over last 10 years (Can avg 34%) RE supplies 7%, cost is 30% of increase 30
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Sources of GHGs 33 Livestock Greenhouse Gas: Methane
A cow in Argentina has its methane belches collected in a plastic tank. Argentine scientists say cows could be generating 30% of Argentina’s emissions. Almost half of all global methane emissions come from belching livestock and their manure, making livestock farming a significant contributor to climate change. Methane is twenty times more potent as a greenhouse gas than CO2 although it does not last as long in the atmosphere, eventually breaking down into carbon dioxide and other gases. 33
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