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Early Humans and the River Valley Civilizations

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Presentation on theme: "Early Humans and the River Valley Civilizations"— Presentation transcript:

1 Early Humans and the River Valley Civilizations

2 Before History Hominids- human and humanlike species
Australopithecus (“southern ape”)- Originates from Eastern and Southern Africa Homo erectus- upright walking human Homo sapiens- consciously thinking human (200,000 years ago)

3 Peopling the Earth

4 Early Societies Hunter-gathers Small bands (20-30) Mobile housing
Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) Agriculture Neolithic Era (New Stone Age) Hunter-gathers Small bands (20-30) Mobile housing Minimal wealth Egalitarian Farming/domesticated animals + specialized labor Large Populations (100) Permanent settlements/cities Accumulated wealth Social Stratification

5 Mesopotamia “Land between the rivers”- Tigris and Euphrates
City-States- Sumer Irrigation Systems Defensive Walls Government Military Ziggurats Assyrian Empire Hammurabi’s Code Babylonian Empire Cuneiform

6 Egypt Social structure- Pharaoh supreme ruler Nile River
Hieroglyphic Writing Mummification + Sun gods BCE- Old Kingdom Pyramids BCE- New Kingdom Golden Age Mid-Sixth century BCE- Egypt falls to foreign conquerors

7 Indo-European Migrations
Indo-European Homeland Modern day Ukraine and Southern Russia near Black Sea and Caspian Sea ( BCE) Nomadic peoples Population Explosion Use horses to migrate Blend culture and language around the world

8 Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
Indus River Valley Unpredictable flooding Monsoon winds Standardization Complex street systems Irrigation and sewer systems Public buildings Trade Mesopotamia Egypt

9 Aryans in India Indo-European migrants Sanskrit Caste System Vedic Age
Brahmins Kshatriya Vaishya Shudra Vedic Age Gods + Ritual Sacrifice Upanishads (early Hindu beliefs)

10 Xia, Shang, Zhou Yellow River (Huang He) Yangtze River (Chang Jiang)
Xia Dynasty Shang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty Mandate of Heaven Kings and Aristocracy Oracle bones

11 Americas Mesoamerica Olmec Zapotec Gulf Coast rivers Complex society
Pyramids Nature gods Jaguar Spirit Trade center Zapotec Oaxaca Valley Hieroglyphics Calendar Cities

12 Americas Andes Chavin Nazca Andes Mountains Religious-centered
Irrigation systems Textiles and pottery Nazca Lines

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