1. Chapter 46 - Ecosystems

2. Chapter 46: Ecosystems
A food chain is a sequence of organisms through which ENERGY passes.
Each organism occupies a TROPHIC LEVEL
0 - Primary Producers
1 - Primary Consumers
2 - Secondary Consumers
3 - Tertiary Consumers (Apex)

3. As you move up the chain, energy is lost to heat
As you move up the chain, energy is lost to heat (2nd Law of Thermodynamics)
An ecosystem can only support a small number of apex predators.

5. Pyramid of Biomass

6. Food Webs Can you identify: 1. Primary Producers 2. Primary Consumers
3. Secondary Consumers
4. Tertiary Consumers
Herbivores
Omnivores
Carnivores

7. Biological Magnification
A consequence of a the food web is that toxins will accumulate as they move up the chain. Apex predators can be harmed by increased levels of lead, mercury and other toxins.

8. Frogs are BIOINDICATORS
The health of a frog population mirrors the health and pollution levels of the environment

9. 46.3 Biogeochemical Cycles
Water Cycle

10. Carbon Cycle

11. Greenhouse Effect

12. Nitrogen Cycle

13. Phosphorous Cycle