1. Fascism in Italy
Chapter 13
Section 3

2. Mussolini’s Rise
1915 – Italy joins allies when France and Britain promise them land from Austria-Hungary
After war, some lands given, others become part of new Yugoslavia
Italians outraged

3. Mussolini’s Rise Veterans face unemployment Trade declines, taxes rise
Government split into feuding factions
After Bolshevik Revolution, some peasants seize land, workers strike, and others seize factories

4. Mussolini’s Rise Son of socialist blacksmith and a teacher
During war rejects socialism for intense nationalism

5. Mussolini’s Rise
1919 – organizes veterans and others into Fascist party
Promised to end corruption, turmoil
Restore order and revive Roman glory
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6. Mussolini’s Rise Black Shirts
Organizes supporters into “combat squads”
Wear black to emulate earlier nationalist revolt
Reject democratic process in favor of violent action
Break up socialist rallies
Smash leftist presses
Attack farmer’s cooperatives
Use intimidation and terror to oust elected officials in northern Italy

7. Mussolini’s Rise 1922 – Fascists make bid for power
Rally in Naples announces March on Rome
Tens of thousands swarm toward capital
Victor Emmanuel III made a deal
Appointed Mussolini Prime Minister

8. Mussolini’s Rule
By 1925 had assumed more power and taken title Il Duce (“The Leader”)
Suppressed rival parties
Censored press
Rigged elections
Replaced elected officials with Fascist supporters
Secret police silenced critics
Propaganda bolstered regime
Received Papal support after signing Lateran Treaty (recognizing independence of Vatican City)

10. Mussolini’s Rule Brought economy under state control
Preserved capitalism forming corporate state
Representatives from business, labor, government, and Fascist party control industry, agriculture, and trade
Favored upper-class and industrial leaders
Production increased
Workers forbidden to strike, wages kept low

11. Mussolini’s Rule Individual unimportant, state is what matters
Militarism—men urged to be warriors
Women who had more than 14 children given medal by Il Duce himself
Fascist youth groups indoctrinated young
436

12. Totalitarianism
Single party dictatorship with blind obedience to single ruler
State control of economy
Use of police spies and terror to enforce will of the state
Control of media to indoctrinate and mobilize citizens through propaganda
Use of schools and youth organizations to indoctrinate children
Censorship of artists and intellectuals with dissenting opinions

13. Fascism Extreme nationalism Glorifies state over individual
Destructive to basic human rights
Glorified action, violence, discipline, loyalty to state
Aggressive foreign expansion
Social Darwinism
Reject faith in reason, democracy, equality, liberty
Democracy leads to corruption and weakness
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14. Anti-word Search Nouns Fascism Mussolini Nationalism Social Darwinism
Verbs
Indoctrinate
Censor
Glorify
Control

15. Video