1. Energy Consumption, Transformation and Sources
Lecture #3
PHYS 331/581 Spring 2018
Renewable Energy

2. Fossil fuels are derived from biological material produced
iClicker Question
Fossil fuels are derived from biological material produced
A at the time of the industrial revolution
B about 300 million years ago
C about 1 million years ago
D about 1 billion years ago
E at the turn of the previous century

3. iClicker Question
At the turn of this century (2000) most energy was derived from
A Coal
B Wood
C Natural Gas
D Oil
E Nuclear Power

4. iClicker Question
Oil use in the U.S. has always risen since 1960.
A True
B False

5. iClicker Question
Which of the following countries has the lowest gas taxes?
A France
B Germany
C Spain
D Japan
E USA

6. Overview of Energy Production/Consumption

7. iClicker Question
The United States imports more energy than it produces?
A True
B False

8. Energy Flow from Source to Use (USA 2008)

9. Energy Flow from Source to Use (USA 2013)

11. TYPES OF ENERGY and their Transformation
Mechanical, Electromagnetic, Electrical,
Chemical and Thermal

12. What is Mechanical Energy?
Energy due to a object’s motion (kinetic) or position (potential).
The bowling ball has mechanical energy.
When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred to the pins!

13. Other Examples of Mechanical Energy

14. What is Electromagnetic Energy?
“Light” energy
Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands

15. What is Electrical Energy?
Energy caused by the movement of electrons
Easily transported through power lines and converted into other forms of energy

16. What is Chemical Energy?
Energy that is available for release from chemical reactions.
The chemical bonds in a matchstick store energy that is transformed into thermal energy when the match is struck.

17. Examples of Chemical Energy

18. What is Thermal Energy? Heat energy
The heat energy of an object determines how active its atoms are.
A hot object is one whose atoms and molecules are excited and show rapid movement.
A cooler object's molecules and atoms will show less movement.

19. iClicker Time! What type of energy cooks food in a microwave oven?
A Mechanical
B Electromagnetic
C Electrical
D Chemical
What type of energy is the spinning plate inside of a microwave oven?
E Thermal

20. Electrical energy is transported to your house through power lines.
iClicker Time!
Electrical energy is transported to your house through power lines.
When you plug an electric fan to a power outlet, electrical energy is transform into what type of energy?
A Mechanical
B Electromagnetic
C Electrical
D Chemical
E Thermal

21. iClicker Time!
What type of energy results when you turn on an electric lamp? [Electrical to…]
A Mechanical
B Electromagnetic
C Electrical
D Chemical
E Thermal

22. What types of energy are shown below?
A Mechanical
B Electromagnetic
C Thermal
D Chemical
E More than one of the above

23. What type of energy is shown below?
A Mechanical
B Electromagnetic
C Electrical
D Chemical
E Thermal

24. What types of energy are shown below?
A Mechanical
B Electromagnetic
C Thermal
D Chemical
E More than one of the above

25. What type of energy is shown below?
A Mechanical
B Electromagnetic
C Electrical
D Chemical
E Thermal

26. What type of energy is shown below?
A Mechanical
B Electromagnetic
C Electrical
D Chemical
E Thermal

27. Where does our energy come from for…?
Electric light
Mobile phones
Power for your mp3 TV
Hot Water

28. Energy for these things come from Energy Resources, that are converted into energy that we can easily use.
Electricity is the main form of energy that we use and can power or charge what we need energy for.

29. To generate electricity…
You need an energy source, e.g. coal
This is burnt to produce heat or steam
The heat or steam then drives a turbine
The turbine then can drive a generator
The generator then produces electricity
The electricity is then transported in cables to where it is needed

30. Energy Resources can be divided into 2 categories:
Non-Renewable Resources
For example – coal, oil, gas, uranium or lignite
Once used these resources CANNOT be used again
2. Renewable Resources
For example – wind, water or solar
These resources can be used over and over again

31. Non-Renewable Resources: COAL
What is it?
Formed underground from decaying plant material
How much left in the world?
About 200 years
Advantages?
Plenty left
Mining is getting more efficient
Disadvantages?
Pollution: CO2 emissions (linked to global warming), SO2 (linked to acid rain)
Heavy & bulky to transport

32. Non-Renewable Resources: OIL
What is it?
Formed underground from decaying animal and plant material
How much left in the world?
Estimates vary, but average about 40 years
Advantages?
Quite easy to transport
Efficient in producing energy
Less pollution than coal
Disadvantages?
Not much left
Pollution: air and danger of water pollution through spills

33. Non-Renewable Resources: NATURAL GAS
What is it?
Formed underground from decaying animal and plant material
How much left in the world?
Estimates vary from years
Advantages?
Clean, least polluting of all non-renewables
Easy to transport
Disadvantages?
Some air pollution
Danger of explosions

34. Non-Renewable Resources: NUCLEAR
What is it?
Uses uranium, naturally found in some rocks
How much left in the world?
Not known
Advantages?
Not much waste and few CO2 emissions released, as well as, few other greenhouse gases
Disadvantages?
High cost to build and close down power stations.
Waste is radioactive. Problem with getting rid of waste safely

35. Non-Renewable Resources: LIGNITE (between peat and coal)
What is it?
Formed underground from decaying plant material
How much left in the world?
Estimates vary, but average ~30 years
Advantages?
A local resource good for generating electricity
Disadvantages?
Air pollution, scarring of landscape through open-cast mining
High moisture content

36. Why is the term, FOSSIL FUEL used for coal, oil, gas and lignite. A
Why is the term, FOSSIL FUEL used for coal, oil, gas and lignite? A Because they all contain fossils. B Because they were once food sources for things that are now fossils. C Because they are derived from living matter of a previous geological age. D Because of their energy per unit of mass. E Because Prof. Geller said so.

37. Renewable Resources: WIND
What is it? It the movement of air from high to low pressure
How much left? Lots
Advantages? No pollution
Disadvantages? Winds change all the
time, not predictable

38. Renewable Resources: SOLAR
What is it? Energy from the sun
How much left? Lots
Advantages? No pollution, can be used in remote areas
Disadvantages? Can be expensive, needs sunlight
At night it doesn’t work

39. Renewable Resources: BIO-ENERGY
What is it? Biomass and Biogas –
fermented animal or plant waste
vegetation from sustainable sources
How much left? Lots
Advantages? Good availability
Disadvantages? Can be expensive to set up

40. Renewable Resources: HYDRO
What is it? Movement of water drives a turbine
How much left? Lots
Advantages? No CO2 emissions, can control flooding and provide a good water supply to an area
Disadvantages? Large areas maybe flooded. Visual and water pollution

41. Renewable Resources: GEOTHERMAL
What is it? Heat from the ground – often used to heat water
How much left? Lots
Advantages? No CO2 emissions
Disadvantages? Expensive and can only be used in certain parts of the world

42. Renewable Resources: WATER & TIDAL
What is it? Movement of sea drives turbines
How much left? Lots
Advantages? Can produce a lot of electricity, no CO2 emissions
Disadvantages? Not many suitable sites

43. Group Think
Draw a flow map showing the flow of energy transformations in a car from starting vehicle to driving. You should have 5 different types of energy.

44. Energy Transfer _________ _______ _______ ________ ________ _______
____________

45. In-Class Group Question
Compare and contrast differences and similarities (changes in time) in the two diagrams depicting energy flow from source to use in the USA, from 2008, and 2013 (in presentation today).
Please remember to write complete sentences in addressing your comparisons.