1. July 20th Please take your folder and organize it
Quiz on Chromosomes, karyotypes and Cell transport
Put returned papers in you folder
Progress reports

2. Karyotype Questions;
1. What is a karyotype?
2. What are homologous chromosomes
3. How do male and female karyotypes differ?
4. What are chromosomes made out of?
5. What do chromosomes code for?
6. where are chromosomes located in a cell

3. July 23rd
On a white board, with partners, please make a DNA puzzle (on the board) with the bases of one side
AACGG
Label – sugar, phosphate, covalent bond, bases and hydrogen bond
Please state the base pair rule.
How does it make a copy of itself?

4. DNA structure

5. DNA replication

6. RNA and Protein Synthesis
How does DNA control protein synthesis – our traits?

7. Why we need proteins

8. What are proteins
A series of amino acids linked together forms a polypeptide chain
Hundreds of thousands of proteins are made out of only 20 different amino acids

9. Amino Acids
Each amino acid has a three letter abbreviation – for its name

11. Found in these foods:
Meat
Eggs
Dairy

12. How are they made using DNA:
Two steps
1.Transcription
2. Translation

13. Transcription DNA polymerase untwists the DNA strand In the nucleus
RNA polymerase makes Messenger RNA (mRNA single strand)
Using the base pair sequence
C=G
A=U (replaces T)

14. Transcription
the process by which the genetic info encoded in DNA is copied into messenger RNA.

15. The Code:
Each three DNA bases create three mRNA bases – called a Codon
Each codon codes for a single amino acid
The Genetic Code

16. Translation mRNA leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell
Attaches to a ribosome (rRNA)

17. Ribosomal RNA mRNA binds to a ribosome Exposing Codons
(3 base units of mRNA)

18. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Acts like a translator – someone who can communicate in two languages
one end of the molecule is an amino
acid it finds floating in the cytoplasm, the other end an anticodon

19. Translation Anticodon = 3 bases unique for an amino acid
The anticodon binds to the codon on the mRNA molecule

20. Amino acids link together forming peptide bonds (proteins)
The order determines what kind of protein is made

21. Protein Synthesis
Usually several ribosomes will move over a mRNA molecule at one time
Linking the amino acids together that are attached to the tRNA
Creating a proteins

22. The Code Each mRNA begins With AUG and ends with UAA or UAG
AUG = Start
UAA = Stop
CCU =pro (short
For proline) amino acid …….

23. How proteins are made: the tRNA Molecule reads The codons
Creating the protein
Coded for by DNA

24. RNA and Protein Synthesis

25.
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