1. Divisions of the Skeleton

3. Includes skull, spine, and ribs.
Axial Skeleton
Includes skull, spine, and ribs.

4. Skull
Made up of 22 Bones:
Facial bones = 14
Cranium =8

5. Bones that enclose the brain (8).
CRANIUM
Bones that enclose the brain (8).

6. Color code letters A-L on the skull. Sutures (a,b,c)

7. A. Frontal bone
B. Pariatal bone (paired)
C. Occipital bone
D. Temporal bone (paired)
E. Sphenoid (connects cranium to facial)
F. Ethmoid (roof and sides of the nasal passage)

8. Frontal Bone
Contains 2 sinuses
Sinuses ?

9. Parietal
Paired (2)

10. Occipital

11. Temporal Bone
Paired (2)

12. Sphenoid (page 139)

13. Ethmoid Bone

14. Lines where bones meet, immovable joints.
Sutures (a,b,c)
Lines where bones meet, immovable joints.

15. Fontanels
Soft spots with no bones when babies are born. (Connective tissue)

16. Fontanels
As a fetus develops, its brain grows rapidly. The skull is growing as well but can not keep up. Fusion of the bones begins, but will complete after birth. A new born generally has 2 frontal bones, 4 occipital bones, and several sphenoid and temporal bones. These bones are held together by fontanels.

17. Opening in occipital bone for spinal cord exit.
Foramen Magnum
Opening in occipital bone for spinal cord exit.

18. External Auditory Meatus
Opening in temporal bone for ear canals.

20. Sharp bone projection to help anchor muscles assoc. with the tongue.
Styloid Process
Sharp bone projection to help anchor muscles assoc. with the tongue.

21. Bones NOT enclosing brains (13 immovable + 1 movable = 14).
Facial
Bones NOT enclosing brains (13 immovable + 1 movable = 14).

22. Facial bones G. Lacrimal (2) H. Nasal Bone (2)
I. Zygomatic (2) Cheek bones
J. Maxilla (2) upper jaw
K. Mandible *Only movable joint in the skull.

23. Lacrimal (2)
Thin and scale like.

24. Two rectangles that fuse and form the bridge of the nose.
Nasal Bone (2)
Two rectangles that fuse and form the bridge of the nose.

25. Zygomatic Bone (2) Cheek bones.
‘Zygomatic Arch’ connects to the temporal bone.

26. Maxilla (2)
Form the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the oral cavity (hard palate).
Upper jaw

27. Mandible (only movable face bone)

28. ?

30. OSSICLES Bones in the ears. (Smallest bones in the body)
Hammer Anvil Stirrup
Mallus Incus Stapes

31. Hyoid
Attachment for movement of the tongue, doesn’t touch any other bones-base of the tongue

33. Vertebrae

34. Textbook Page 143 1. Spinous Process 2. Articular Facet
3. Transverse Process
4. Vertebral foramen
5. Body

35. Are the individual irregular bones that make up the spinal column
Vertebrae (F)
Are the individual irregular bones that make up the spinal column

36. Intervertebral discs (D)
Made of tough cartilage

37. Vertebral Column The spine is broken into 4 sections. 1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. a.Sacrum
b.Coccyx

38. CERVICAL
Total = 7
Location = neck
#’s = C1-C7

39. Location = Thoracic cavity
Total = 12
Location = Thoracic cavity
#’s = T1-T12

40. LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
Total = 5
Location = Lower back
#’s = L1-L5

41. 5 fused sacral discs at base of spine.
Sacrum
5 fused sacral discs at base of spine.

42. Coccyx
OUCH!!!!!
Tail Bone

43. Sternum
Breast Bone, 3 parts

44. Manubrium (top)
Body (middle)
Xiphoid process

46. RIBS – 12 pairs

47. True- top 7 pairs, attach directly to sternum
False- next 5 pairs, do not attach directly to sternum
Floating- bottom 2 ribs, no connection with sternum