1. Chapter 12
Key Issue #2
Where are Contemporary Services Located?

2. Services in Contemporary Rural Settlements
Clustered rural settlements - # of families live in close proximity to another, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings
Each person is allocated strips of land in the farm area, may be scattered around
When population grew too big, new settlements were established nearby
Arranged in one of the following patterns: circular or linear

4. Circular
Linear (long-lot system)
* Central open space surrounded by structures
* Von Thunen Mode
Buildings clustered along a road, river, or dike to improve communications
French, used in Quebec

5. Colonial American Clustered Settlements
3 regions of settlements: New England, Southeast, Mid Atlantic
NE colonists build settlements around an open area called a common, they were clustered for cultural and religious values
Vermont, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut
SE colonies developed plantations
Florida, Georgia
Mid Atlantic developed into dispersed rural settlements – more heterogeneous people
Pennsylvania, Carolinas, Maryland

6. Clustered New England Town

7. Enclosure Movement – Great Britain
Between
Gov’t consolidated strips of land into single, large farms owned by individuals
Some people were forced to give up their land
Done to promote greater agricultural efficiency
Coincided with Industrial Rev, many displaced farmers moved to the cities to get work in factories
Destroyed the self-contained village life

8. Services in Urban Settlements
Wirth’s 3 characteristics of a city
Large size
High Density
Socially HeterogeneousPeople

9. Urbanization
Urbanization: process by which population of urban settlements grows
1. Increase in the % of people living in cities
Reflects a country’s level of development
In MDCs, 3/4 people live in urban areas (2/5 in LDCs)

10. Urbanization 2. Number of people living in cities
LDCs have more of the very large urban settlements (8/10 of the most populous cities are in LDCs)
Most people in the world live in an urban settlement
3. Land area occupied by urban settlements
Rural residents moved to cities to work in the factories
Thus, the Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization
Space devoted to urban areas grew