1. Anarchy & Hate on the WWW
CJ 520
13.0

2. On the web, anyone can publish anything (almost)
Free Speech
On the web, anyone can publish anything
(almost)

3. Limits on Free Speech Obscenity “Fighting words” Commercial Speech
Provoke retaliation
Commercial Speech
No deception
Restriction, regulations, limitations
Incitement - “clear & present danger”
Inciting “imminent lawless action”
Time, place, & manner
Libel / slander

4. Hate Crimes 18 USC §245 - http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/crim/245.php
Has impact n victim & the community
Potential escalation in retaliation attempts

5. Hate groups on the Web Right wing Left wing Supremacy groups
Skin heads
Neo-Nazi
Nation of Islam
Anti-abortion, anti-gay, anti-genetic
Left wing
Eco-terrorists
Anarchists

6. White Supremacy
“The belief that white people are superior to people of other racial backgrounds. The term is sometimes used specifically to describe a political ideology that advocates the social and political dominance of whites”

7. Supremacy Groups Online

8. Eco-Terrorists
“The use of threatened use of violence…against innocent victims or property by an environmentally oriented national group..”
p. 224 Digital Crime..

9. Eco-Terrorist Groups Online
Animal Right
ALF - Animal Liberation Front
Direct acts against using those using animals for research or economic gain
PETA - People for the Ethical Treatment of Animal

10. Eco-Terrorist Groups Online cont.
Environmentalism
Acts are aimed at audience beyond the target and are often symbolic in nature
Large monetary damages
ELF - Environmental Life Force
ELF - Earth Liberation Front

11. Anarchism
“ A political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which consider the state to be unnecessary, harmful, and/or undesirable. Specific anarchists may have additional criteria for what constitutes anarchism, and they often disagree with each other on what these criteria are.”

12. Anarchists Group Online
Not as dangerous as those from the 1960’s
Anti-capitalists, communists
Workers Solidarity Movement
Industrial Workers of the World

13. Terrorism
“The systematic use of terror, "violent or destructive acts (as bombing) committed by groups in order to intimidate a population or government into granting their demands.”

14. Domestic Terrorists in Cyberspace
Internet allows for wider dissemination of information
Wider communication previously unavailable
Wider recruitment
Larger, more united groups

15. Terrorist use of the Web
Recruitment
Dissemination of information
Fund raising

16. Recruitment Techniques
The three “d”s
Dehumanize the opposition
Desensitize violence
Demonize the enemy
Attract individuals outside of the group
Long enough exposure to ideas normalizes them
Games, music, images, vides, cartoons

17. Dissemination of Ideas
Romanticize groups previous actions
Store & share information - not always public
Groups creed/mission
Blue prints for violent acts
Stories of previous acts
Information about potential victims

18. Fundraising Reach more potential donors Sales of merchandise
Games
Music
Books
Vides of lectures
Pay Pal & other e-payments

19. Law Enforcement Problems
Must have ‘probable cause’ to act
Law enforcement not designed to collect intelligence

20. Intelligence
“information concerning an enemy or possible enemy or an area ; also : an agency engaged in obtaining such information”

21. Intelligence History 1947 National Security Act
Established two areas of intelligence gathering
Foreign - CIA
Domestic - FBI
Bureaus don’t always communicate

22. Intelligence vs. Investigation
Proactive
Closed reports
Confidential sources
Arrests rarely made
Investigation
Reactive
Open reports
Known sources
Arrests based on evidence & facts

23. Patriot Act
Provide Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism
Law enforcement brought into terrorism battle
Addresses areas other than terrorism
Money laundering
Computer abuse/crime
Immigration process
Fraud

24. Expands all Traditional Surveillance Tools
Wire taps - search warrant & court order
Search warrant - legal document - probable cause
Pen/Trap&Trace orders
Court orders & subpoenas

25. Patriot Acts allows Law Enforcement to:
Surreptitiously monitor a person’s web surfing & internet communications
Nationwide roving wiretaps on cell phones & land lines
Profile an individual’s reading habits at local libraries
“Volunteered” information from ISP’s on customer’s web surfing habits without a warrant or court order