1. Chapter 1&2

2. Multimedia Multimedia is any combination of: • Text • Art • Sound
Animation • Video
Delivered to you by computer or other electronic or digitally manipulated means.

3. Definitions
End user / viewer of a multimedia project—to control what and when the elements are delivered, it is called interactive multimedia.
When you provide a structure of linked elements through which the user can navigate, interactive multimedia becomes hypermedia.
• A project is linear, starting at the beginning and running through to the end.

4. Cont
When users are given navigational control and can wander through the content at will, multimedia becomes nonlinear.

5. Where to Use Multimedia
Multimedia in Business: Business applications for multimedia include: • Presentations • Training • Marketing • Advertising • Product Demos • Simulations • Databases • Catalogs

6. Cont Multimedia around the office has also become more commonplace.
• Image capture hardware is used for building employee ID and badging databases.
• Presentation documents attached to and video conferencing are widely available.
• Laptop computers and high resolution projectors are common place for multimedia presentations on the road

7. Multimedia in Public Places
Hotels
Train Stations
Shopping Malls
• Museums • Libraries • Grocery Stores

8. Virtual Reality Convergence of technology and creative
invention in multimedia is virtual reality,
Place you “inside” a lifelike experience.
Goggles
Helmets
Special Gloves

9. Delivering Multimedia
Multimedia requires large amounts of digital memory when stored in an end user’s library.
Require large amounts of bandwidth when distributed over wires, glass fiber, or airwaves on a network.
The greater the bandwidth, the bigger the pipeline, so more content can be delivered to end users quickly.

10. Cont. D-ROM, DVD, Flash Drives
• CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) discs can contain up to 80 minutes of full-screen video, images, or sound.
The disc can also contain unique mixes of: – images, sounds, text, video, and animations controlled by
an authoring system to provide unlimited user interaction.
Multilayered Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) technology increases the capacity and multimedia capability of CDs.
– 4.7GB on a single-sided, single-layered disc – 17.08GB of storage on a double-sided, double-layered disc.

11. Cont
CD-ROM and DVD discs are interim memory technologies that will be replaced by new devices such as:
– flash drives that do not require moving parts

12. The Broadband Internet
When information providers and content owners determine the worth of their products
– information elements will ultimately link up online as distributed resources on a data highway
• Actual glass fiber cables that make up much of the physical backbone of the data highway

13. Our Goal Recognize the importance of word choice
Describe the difference between a typeface and a font and list at least three attributes of a font, for example, upper/lowercase, serif/sans serif, PostScript/ TrueType/OpenType

14. Cont
Discuss the importance of text and the ways in which text can be leveraged in multimedia presentations
Discuss the presentation of text on Windows and Macintosh platforms
Find sources for free and shareware fonts

15. Cont
Define hypermedia, hyper- text, links, anchors, and nodes and be able to dis- cuss both the potential and limitations of hypertext and hyperlinking systems

16. Overview Importance of text in a multimedia presentation.
Understanding fonts and typefaces.
Using text elements in a multimedia presentation.
Computers and text.
Font editing and design tools.
Multimedia and hypertext.

17. The Power of Meaning
Its required to use words that have the most precise and powerful meanings to express what you need to say.
– GO BACK! is more powerful than Previous – TERRIFIC! may work better than That Answer Was Correct.

18. Using Text in Multimedia
Type terminology
Typeface
Arial
Courier Times
Fonts
Points
Styles
Leading
Kerning

19. Fonts and Faces
A typeface is a family of graphic characters that includes many type sizes and styles (such as Times, Arial, Helvetica)
A font is a collection of characters of a single size and style belonging to a typeface family (such as bold, italic)
Font sizes are in points 1 point = 1/72 inch
(measured from top to bottom of descenders in capital letter)
X-height is the height of the lower case letter x

20. Review Question?
Describe the difference between a typeface and a font and list at least three attributes of a font, for example, upper/lowercase, serif/sans serif, PostScript/TrueType/OpenType
 A typeface is a family of graphic characters that usually includes many type sizes and styles.
Serif versus sans serif is the simplest way to categorize a typeface.
 A font is a collection of characters of a single size and style belonging to a particular typeface family.
 Three common font styles are bold, italic, and underline, but there are several others; some, such as superscript, emboss, or strikethrough, have specialized uses

21. Character Metrics

22. Leading and Kerning Computers can
adjust the line spacing (called leading)
leading
and
the space between pairs of letters,
called kerning

23. Review Question
Which of the following is a term that applies to the spacing between characters of text?
a. leading
b. kerning
c. tracking
d. points e. dithering

24. Using Text In Multimedia
WYSIWYG - What you see is what you get!
Aim for a balance between too much text and too little
Make web pages no more than
1 to 2 screenfuls of text
Bring the user to the destination with as few actions as possible

25. Menus For Navigation A Multimedia project or web site should include:
content or information
navigation tools such as menus, mouse clicks, key presses or touch screen
some indication or map of where the user is in the presentation

26. Buttons for Interaction
Buttons are objects that make things happen when they are clicked
Use common button shapes and sizes
Label them clearly
BE SURE THEY WORK!

27. Fields for Reading
Reading from a computer screen is slower than from a book
People blink 3-5 times/minute, using a computer and times/minute reading a book
This reduced eye movement causes fatigue, dryness
Try to present only a few paragraphs
per page

28. Portrait vs. Landscape
Monitor use wider-than-tall aspect ratios called landscape
Most books use taller-than- wide orientation, called portrait
Don’t try to shrink a full page onto a monitor
portrait
landscape

29. HTML Documents
Standard document format on the web is called Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML)
Originally designed for text not multimedia - now being redesigned as Dynamic HTML ( DHTML), which uses CSS (Cascading Style sheets) and permits defining text choices.
Specify typefaces, sizes colors and properties by “marking up” the text with tags (such as <B>, </B>)

30. HTML Documents
The Font tag is used to specify the font to be displayed (if present)
<font face = “Verdana, Arial, Times”>
If those fonts are not on the system, the default is used ( see p for common fonts)

31. Symbols and Icons
Symbols act like “visual words” to convey meaning, (called icons)
MAC - trash can
Windows - hourglass
Icons and sound are more easily remembered than words
It is useful to label icons for clarity
See “smileys” in textbook (p. 61)

32. Animating Text To grab a viewer’s attention:
let text “fly” onto screen
rotate or spin text, etc.
Use special effects sparingly or they become boring

33. Computers and Text Mac standard - 72 pixels/ inch
PC - VGA - 96 pixels/inch
Screen ( 640 pixels across x 480 down, called 640 x480 resolution)
Today much higher resolution possible

34. Fonts “Wars” Apple - Adobe PostScript page description font language
describes an image in terms of mathematical constructs (Bezier curves)
Can be scaled larger or smaller
Currently > 6,000 typefaces available
Apple & Microsoft created TrueType

35. Cont.
Complete Guide to Pre-Installed Fonts in Linux, Mac, and Windows

36. Computers and Text
Allow text to be drawn at any size without “jaggies”, by anti-aliasing the edges of the characters

37. Fonts and Characters Fonts smaller than 12 point are not
very legible on a monitor
Never assume the fonts installed on your computer are on all computers
Stay with TrueType fonts ordinarily
ASCII character set - most common
Extended Character set - used for HTML
UNICODE –supports characters for all known languages

38. Unicode Developed in 1989 for multilingual text
Contains 65,000 characters form all known languages and alphabets
Where several languages share a set of symbols, they are grouped into a collection called scripts ( eg. Latin,
Arabic, Cyrillic, Greek, Tibetan, etc.)
Shared symbols are unified into collections called scripts

39. Unicode Numbers Mathematical symbols Punctuation
Arrows, blocks and drawing shapes
Technical symbols

40. Mapping Text Across Platforms
Viewing a presentation on either MAC and PC reveals differences
Fonts must be mapped from one machine to another
If same font doesn’t exist on the other machine, one is substituted
( called font substitution)
To avoid this, convert to bitmaps

41. Representing Languages
Some contain different symbols
Others represent an entire concept with a single symbol (as in some Asian languages)
Translating into another language is called localization

42. Font Editing and Design Tools
Allow you to create your own fonts
ResEdit for MAC
Fontographer (from Macromedia) caan be used to create Postscript, TrueType and bitmapped fonts for MAC, PB, SUN includes a freehand drawing tool
3D programs, such as COOL 3D and HotTEXT, create special effects
See text for descriptions

43. Font Editing and Design Tools
Fontographer (from Macromedia)

44. Editing and Design Tools

45. Hypermedia and Hypertext
Hyper media provides a structure of links
Hypertext words are linked to other elements
Hypertext is usually searchable by software robots

46. Hypermedia and Hypertext
Multimedia - combines text, graphics and audio
Interactive multimedia - gives user control over what and when content is viewed (non-linear)
Hypermedia -provides a structure of linked elements through which user navigates and interacts

47. Hypermedia Structures
Hypermedia elements are called nodes
Nodes are connected using links
A linked point is called an anchor

48. Hypermedia Structures
Link - connections between conceptual elements (navigation pathways and menus)
Node - contains text, graphics sounds
Anchor - the reference from one document to another document, image, sound or file on the web
Link anchor - where you came from

49. Hypermedia and Hypertext
Doug Englebart - inventor of mouse
1965 Ted Nelson coined the word “hypertext”
Computer-based hypertext systems will fundamentally alter the way humans think, approach literature and the expression of ideas
Hotlinks - lead user from one reference to another

50. Using Hypertext Searching for words
boolean search using AND, OR, NOT
truncation - using only part of word, such as geo might yield result with geology, geography, George, etc.
Search engines employ “robots” to visit web pages and create indexes.

51. Hypertext Tools Building or authoring Reading
builder creates links, identifies nodes, generates an index of words
Reading
both linear and increasingly non-linear
Becoming more comfortable with non-linear hypertext systems will change the way we think….