1. Chapter Fourteen; Section Three
British Rule in India
Chapter Fourteen; Section Three

2. The Sepoy Mutiny
During the 18th century, British power in India increased.
To rule India, the British East India Company had its own soldiers and forts.
Sepoys were hired to protect the company’s interests.

3. The Sepoy Mutiny Indians revolted against the British.
Known as the Sepoy Mutiny or Great Rebellion.
It was called the First War of Independence to the Indians

4. Blowing from a Gun

5. The Sepoy Mutiny
The initial cause was the rumor that the British were passing out bullets greased with cow and pig fat.
Cow was sacred to Hindus.
Pig is taboo to the Muslims

6. The Sepoy Mutiny The revolt spread, but was crushed within a year.
The Indians were outnumbered and rivalries between Muslims and Hindus hurt their cooperation.
At Kanpur, Indians with swords and knives massacred 200 defenseless women and children.
As a result of the Sepoy uprising, the British parliament transferred powers of the company to the British government.

7. Colonial Rule
The British government ruled India directly through a British official known as a viceroy – a governor who rules as a representative of the monarch.

8. Colonial Rule: Positives
Brought order to the society.
Created a fairly honest government.
New school system.
Trained children to work in the colonial administrative system and army

9. Colonial Rule: Negatives
British manufactured goods destroyed local industries.
British persuaded farmers to switch from growing food to cotton.
Food supplies could not keep up with the population.
Between 1800 and 1900, 30 million Indians starved to death

10. Colonial Rule: Negatives
British rule was degrading to the educated, upper class Indians.
Top jobs were reserved for the British.
British showed disrespect for Indian culture.
They used the Taj Mahal as a place of weddings and parties, even chipping off pieces of it to take as souvenirs.

11. Indian Nationalist Movement
The first Indian nationalists were upper class, English educated people who preferred reform over revolution.
Slow pace of reform led to more extreme measures.
A small group formed the Indian National Congress.
It called to share in the governing process.

12. An Indian Nationalist Movement
A split between Hindu and Muslims plagued the INC.
Muslims began to call for a separate league to better represent the interests of India’s millions of Muslims.

13. An Indian Nationalist Movement
In 1915, a young lawyer gave new life to the movement.
Mohandas Ghandi was working at a law firm in South Africa and became aware of racial exploitation.