1. Latin America
Chapter 28

2. Vocabulary
Latin America
Aztecs
Conquistador
Inca
Gaucho

3. Food Descriptions-Mexico
Tortilla
Enchiladas
Tostadas
Quesadillas
Burritos
Tacos
Tamales
Frijoles refritos
Chilies
Hauzontle
Jicama
Nopole
Chayotes
Guacamole
Moles
Flan
Café con leche
Plantains
Paella
Huevos rancheros
Pan dulce

4. Food Descriptions-South America
Manioc (cassava)
Arepa
Bollos pelones
Hallaas
Ajiaco
Papa
Aji
Causa a la limena
Cuy
Anticuchos
Chupe
Ceviche
Porotos Granados
Pastel de chocio
Chupe de marisco
Chimichurri
Empanadas
Carbonada criolla
Humitas
Dende oil
Vatapa
Feijoada completa
Abara
Cuscuz

5. Geography, Climate and Agriculture

6. Mexico
Geography: Land of deserts, mountains, grasslands, rainforest and a vast coastline. Much is mountains with valleys separating the different regions.
The Climate is 50% arid/semiarid and 50% wet/humid.

7. Agriculture
Half are farmers but farming is difficult because of poor soil.
Crop yields are poor because farmers can’t afford modern machinery or fertilizer.
Corn is Mexico’s major crop.
Other crops are sugarcane, coffee, tomatoes, green peppers, peas, melons, citrus fruits, strawberries, and cacao beans.
Wheat is grown and cattle graze in the northern part.
Coastal areas provide seafood, shrimp sardine, tuna, turtles and mackerel.

8. South American Countries
Geography is varied with mountains, grasslands, jungles, forests, plateaus and deserts that divide the continent.
The Climate is dry in the deserts, rain in the tropical regions and snow and wind in the mountains. Every type of climate in South America.
Agriculture includes corn, banana, plantain, potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, fish/shellfish, cattle and sheep

9. Culture, History, Religion and Holidays

10. Mexico
Culture: The Spanish controlled Mexico until the 19th century and so greatly influence their culture. Living quarters are simple and families are close-knit.
In History the Aztecs were the original inhabitants and they had a very advanced civilization for their time in history.
Their Religion is Roman Catholic.
Holidays enjoyed are the Feast of Epiphany, Christmas, Candlemas Day and the Day of the Dead.

11. South America Countries
Culture: Influenced by the Inca empires. Today they are in a rapid population growth, along with economic and technological progress. Their cities appear modern with native churches from the early civilizations of the Incas and the Spanish.
In History the Inca or Native South Americans built a large empire in the Andes Mountains. A very advanced civilization with roads, bridges and irrigation system for farmland. When Spanish explorers came the Incan empire was unable to survive however their influence remained.
Their Religion is Roman Catholic.
Holidays enjoyed are the Feast of Epiphany, Christmas, Candlemas Day and the Day of the Dead.

12. Religion and Holidays Their Religion is Christian/Roman Catholic.
Holidays include a blend of Christian celebrations and other beliefs. Many holidays/celebrations will last for several days and includes costumes, parades, dances and food vendors.
“Carnival” is the most elaborate festival; similar to Mardi Gras. It is held in the Lenten season, 6 days before Ash Wednesday.

13. Cuisine

14. Mexico Influenced by Aztecs and Spanish.
Aztecs contributed chocolate, vanilla, corn, peppers, peanuts, tomatoes, avocados, squash, beans, sweet potatoes, pineapple and papayas.
Spanish added oil wine, cinnamon, cloves, rice, wheat, peaches, apricots, beef, and chicken.
Frying is important part to food preparation
Seafood is common along the coast and wheat is used in the farmlands.
The Emperor Maximillian introduced Austrian, French and Italian dishes.

15. South American Countries
Influenced by Spanish, Portuguese & Africans.
The regional differences are because of the geography and climate of the specific regions.

16. South American Countries
Venezuela
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Chili
Argentina
Brazil

17. Meals & Meal Time Customs

18. Mexico Desayuno – breakfast that is substantial but not huge.
Comida – the main meal, served around 1-3 pm followed by a Siesta (rest period)
Merienda – a light snack around 5-6 pm
Cena – supper, supper served between 8-10 pm
South America Countries:
No Meal Customs Specified

19. Cooking Methods & Equipment

20. Mexico
Frying/Deep Frying – tostadas
& quesadillas
Steaming – tamales

21. South American Countries
Frying/Deep Frying – Bollos pelones, plantains
Steaming – rice, humitas, cuscuz
Roasting – cuy
(guinea pig)

22. Equipment--Mexico Comal-lightly greased griddle
on which a tortilla is made.
Molinillo-a tool used to beat chocolate into a foam before serving; similar to hot chocolate.
No equipment listed for
South America.

23. The End