1. Ch2: The Measurement and Structure of the National Economy
Abel and Bernake: Macro Ch2
Williamson: Macro Ch2
Froyen: Macro Ch2
Mankiw: Macro Ch2
Mankiw: Principle of Econ Ch23,24,28

2. Macro Variables Y: national income or GDP
P: price level (cost of living)
π: inflation rate
r: interest rate
u: unemployment rate (Ch3)
主計處網站：

3. The measurement of GDP:
Identity: GDP = total output
= total expenditure
= total income
3 approach:
1. Production approach (產出面)
Y= output=Σ value-added
2. Expenditure approach (支出面 )
3. Income approach (所得面 )

4. The Circular Flow Output=Expenditure=Income
Output market
Total Revenue=
Expenditure ($)
Factor Market (Labor, capital, Land)
Households
Income ($)
Firms

5. Table 2.1 Expenditure Approach to Measuring GDP in the United States, 2008 （台灣，2010？）

6. Table 2.1 台灣國內生產毛額-依支出分 Taiwan’ GDP (Y) 組成　% C I G EX IM S
歷年平均
58.65
14.18
26.24
34.87
33.94
15.50
70.29
9.16
26.69
9.29
15.43
2.92
61.95
14.05
26.09
20.75
22.83
11.84
52.87
17.32
28.19
45.69
44.07
18.75
51.18
14.01
25.66
52.23
43.08
24.29
56.94
16.33
24.61
46.40
44.28
19.69
59.72
15.84
18.19
63.08
56.83
24.14

7. Table 2.2 Income Approach to Measuring GDP in the United States, 2008 （台灣，2010？）

8. Taiwan data: 台灣政府預算盈餘赤字與新增公債

9. Taiwan data：公債餘額 國家債務鐘（財政部）http://www. mof. gov

10. Growth rates of Nominal GDP and Real GDP

11. Taiwan data: Two measures of inflation

12. Fig 2. 2 Overall PCE inflation rate
Fig 2.2 Overall PCE inflation rate and core PCE inflation rate,
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis FRED database at
research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/PCEPI and PCEPILFE.

13. Taiwan data：R, π and r Inflation rate (CPI) Nominal R Real r 1961-2007
4.35
5.03
0.68
2.92
4.58
1.66
11.07
6.95
-4.12
3.15
5.95
2.80
2.59
5.06
2.47
0.83
1.51
1974
47.50
8.50
-39.00
1980
19.01
9.75
-9.26
1981
16.32
10.25
-6.07
(-)
零利率年代

14. Taiwan: R and π

15. Taiwan: R and r

16. Ch3: 勞動力之分類

17. Taiwan data: The Breakdown of the Population in 2010
Adult
Population
(1906.2萬)
Employed
1049.3萬
Labor Force
(1107.0萬)
Unemployed (57.7萬)
Not in labor force
（799.2萬）
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