1. Developing different types of Motes in WSN
Lab 2
Networks and Communication Systems Department
TA. Maram Almuhareb
Developing different types of Motes in WSN

2. Mote definition
Mote is  sensor node, also known as a  , is a node in a sensor network that is capable of performing some processing, gathering sensory information and communicating with other connected nodes in the network.

3. Sky mote
low power wireless sensor. It is high reliability and ease of development .  
These kind of sensors usually include measuring of relative humidity, temperature and light via sensors.

4. Z1 mote
Z1 is a general purpose development platform for wireless sensor networks (WSN) designed for researchers and developers.
Equipped with two on board digital sensors (accelerometer and temperature),

5. WiSMote
WiSMote is a sensor module well adapted to Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. The wireless link operates over the 2.4GHz ISM,  WiSMote is able to monitor any kind of physical measurements in fields like environment, healthcare, smart building, logistics or industrial applications.
Software : Contiki operating system (TinyOS coming soon)
Open source software fully configurable and customizable

6. Contiki examples
There are plenty of examples in the Contiki source code tree to help you get started with your own code. Some examples show how to program network code, others show how to interact with the platform hardware
yet others demonstrate different aspects of the Contiki system. Most have a corresponding Cooja simulation available.
Find the code in home/contiki2-7 /examples/sensinode/blink-hello.c

7. Blink- hello example
This example aims to demonstrate the co- extinse of two process . One of them prints hello world message and other blinks the LED . We will simulate Contiki programs in the COOJA simulator by adding 3 different motes and run the example on them .

8. Source code of the application

9. Source code of the application

10. Create a Simulation
A new simulation is created via the file menu. Enter the simulation name then Choose a radio propagation mode UDGM ,  random startup time and seed for the random number generator
Radio propagation mode has many option :
UDGM being probably the most simplistic as it only depends on distance and transmission power . As the distance between nodes increase the signal strength will decrease .
Constant loss energy mode : a predefined certain amount of energy will get lost .
No radio traffic : no disturbance between communication of two nodes
Mote start up delay : the motes can not get started at the same time . Each mote has startup delay which can be set in this option
Random seed : used to generate random number which used to start up the mote after startup delay

11. Create a Node Type
Any simulated node in COOJA belongs to a node type. The node type determines, which Contiki applications to simulate. Select Sky mote

12. Create a Node Type
Upload the Contiki program we want to simulate from the directory  /home/user /contiki2.7/examples/ sensinode/blink- hello.c

13. Create a Node Type
Click Compile to start compiling the Contiki program
Clean : this command will delete all binary files which has been generated from previous compilation . Direct compilation results compilation from previously compilation and new features we are add it to new program will not get compiled . So it always better to do clean then compile every time .

14. Add Simulated Nodes
One nodes is added to the simulation, randomly located in the XY-plane. Instead of using the Random Position, you can also use Linear, Ellipse, or Manual Positioning. Note that when you add nodes later, the visualizer plugin is rescaled in order to distribute the nodes all over the XY-plane. The same happens when you move nodes. Moving nodes is possible by left-clicking on a node and dragging it across the XY-plane.

15. Network window
From view menu in Network window you can show motes properties like IP, LED, mote type ..etc.
mote ID : is the number of the mote
IP address of the motes
Log output : show the mote output
LED: show the 3 LED lights on each motes
Mote type : show different color for each mote types

16. Add different simulated nodes
You can add different motes type to the simulation and run the same application on them . Here we add Z1 mote type and Wismote mote type .

17. Mote type information
To view information about the motes in the simulation
Click motes menu , mote type

18. Start Simulating
Click Start to start the simulation.

19. Save simulation
COOJA allows for saving and loading simulation configurations. When a simulation is saved, any active plugins are also stored with the configuration. The state of a current simulation is however not saved; all nodes are reset when the simulation is loaded again. To save your current simulation:
Click menu item: File, Save simulation
Simulations are stored with the file extensions “.csc”.

20. Load simulation To later load a simulation:
Click menu item: File, Open simulation,
Browse.... Select a simulation configuration.
When a simulation is loaded, all simulated Contiki
applications are recompiled.

21. Reload simulation
A functionality similar to saving and loading simulations, is reloading a simulation. Reloading can be used to reset the simulation – to restart all nodes. More importantly, reloading a simulation will recompile all Contiki code, useful while developing Contiki programs. To reload your current simulation: • Click menu item: File, Reload simulation, or press Ctrl+R

22. References
P. Gonizzi , S. Duquennoy “Hands on Contiki OS and Cooja Simulator: Exercises (Part II) “
Complete tutorial for Contiki –Cooja