1. Lead in General Industry

2. Applicability
The regulation on lead applies to all occupational exposure to lead, except for the construction industry and agricultural operations 1a

3. Applicability Definitions Lead Action level Permissible exposure limit

4. Processes that use lead
Exposure to lead occurs in at least 120 different occupations including:
Primary and secondary lead smelting
Lead storage battery manufacturing 2a

5. Processes that use lead
Lead pigment manufacturing and use
Solder manufacturing and use
Shipbuilding/repairing 2b

6. Processes that use lead
Auto manufacturing
Printing 2c

7. Exposure monitoring Initial monitoring
Required when lead is present in any quantity
Monitor a representative number of employees
The sample must be collected for one full shift for at least 7 hours 3a

8. Exposure monitoring Initial monitoring
Sample must be representative of a regular, daily exposure
Sample represents an exposure without the use of a respirator 3b

9. Exposure monitoring Positive initial determination
Negative initial determination 3c

10. Exposure monitoring Frequency of exposure monitoring
Employee notification process 3d

11. Methods of compliance Engineering controls Work practice controls
Mechanical ventilation
Administrative controls 4a

12. Respiratory protection
Situations requiring the use of respiratory protection
Selection process
Proper usage of respirators 5a

13. Respiratory protection
Review Appendix D of (qualitative fit tests)
Respirator program 5b

14. Compliance program Workers can examine or copy the written program
Written programs are revised/updated every 6 months 6a

15. Compliance program
Written programs should include the following items:
Each operation from which lead is emitted
Description of the specific means of reducing exposures 6b

16. Compliance program Air monitoring data
Detailed schedule of program implementation
Work practice programs 6c

17. Compliance program Administration control schedule
Other relevant information 6d

18. Protective clothing and equipment
Used if the exposure, regardless of the use of respirators is greater than the PEL, or if skin or eye irritation exists 7a

19. Protective clothing and equipment
Types of protective clothing to be used:
Coveralls
Gloves, hats, shoes, disposable shoe coverlets
Face shields, vented goggles, other appropriate protective equipment 7b

20. Protective clothing and equipment
Protective clothing is provided on a weekly basis, or daily if the exposure is greater than 200 micrograms/cubic meter of air 7c

21. Protective clothing and equipment
Removal of protective equipment at the end of the shift
Designated closed containers 7d

22. Protective clothing and equipment
Container labeling should read: 7e

23. Protective clothing and equipment
Never remove lead from clothing by blowing, shaking, or any other means
Persons who launder must be informed of the potential harmful effects of lead exposure 7f

24. Hygiene facilities and practices
No food or beverage, tobacco products, or cosmetics may be used in areas that exceed the PEL
Change rooms and separate storage facilities for protective clothing 8a

25. Hygiene facilities and practices
Employees working in an area with an exposure level greater than the PEL must shower at the end of the work shift
Procedures for lunchroom use
Lavatory facilities use 8b

26. Housekeeping procedures
Housekeeping procedures can increase the amount of lead exposure
Establish a program that keeps all surfaces clean of accumulations of lead dust 9a

27. Medical surveillance
Medical surveillance is required whenever employees are exposed above the action level for more than 30 days per year
10a

28. Medical surveillance
Medical exams and procedures are done by, or under the supervision of, a licensed physician at no cost to the employee, and at a reasonable place and time
10b

29. Biological monitoring
Sampling frequency
11a

30. Biological monitoring
Employees receive written notification of test results within 5 working days of employer receipt of the results when the blood lead level exceeds either:
11b

31. Biological monitoring
40 micrograms/100 grams of whole blood; or the
medical removal value of 60 micrograms/per 100 grams of whole blood
11c

32. Medical examinations and consultations
Frequency of examinations/consultations
12a

33. Medical examinations and consultations
Medical examinations include:
medical history
work history
thorough physical examination
12b

34. Medical examinations and consultations
blood pressure measurement
blood sample and analysis
routine urinalysis
other tests deemed necessary
12c

35. Medical examinations and consultations
Employees have the right to select a second physician:
to review findings, determination, or recommendations of the initial physician
to conduct examinations, consultations, and lab work that the second physician deems necessary
12d

36. Medical examinations and consultations
Procedures for obtaining a second physician's review and resolving differences in:
findings
determinations
recommendations
12e

37. Medical examinations and consultations
Findings, determinations, or recommendations of the third physician will be followed unless the employee and employer come to an agreement on one of the three physician’s recommendations
12f

38. Medical examinations and consultations
Information provided to physicians upon request
a copy of the regulation
a description of employee’s duties
employee exposure levels
PPE to be used
prior blood lead determinations
prior written medical opinions
12g

39. Medical examinations and consultations
Information contained in written medical opinions
Chelation
12h

40. Employee medical removal and return to work
Conditions that can cause temporary medical removal
Worker’s return to former job status
Medical removal benefit protection
13a

41. Training Who needs training? Types of training
Workers exposed to airborne lead at any level - Review Appendices A and B of 29 CFR
14a

42. Training Workers exposed to airborne lead at or above the action level
Frequency of training
Training materials
14b

43. Signs and markings
Text for warning signs should read as follows:
15a

44. Recordkeeping Contents of exposure monitoring records
Procedures for medical surveillance records
16a

45. Recordkeeping Maintenance of medical removal records
Medical records must be made available to employees
16b

46. Exposure monitoring All protective measures must be followed
Measurement procedures
17a

47. Exposure monitoring Employees have a right to observe monitoring
Employees can record results or receive copies of results
17b

48. How lead enters the body
Inhalation
Ingestion
Generally not absorbed through skin
18a

49. Effects of acute overexposure
Large dosages can kill in a matter of days
Acute encephalopathy can lead to seizures, coma, and cardiorespiratory arrest
19a

50. Effects of chronic overexposure
Damage to:
Blood-forming system
Nervous system
Kidneys
Urinary system
Reproductive systems
20a

51. Purpose of the standard, program, and training
Prevent adverse effects of lead exposure
21a

52. Signs and symptoms of overexposure
Loss of appetite
Metallic taste
Anxiety
Constipation
22a

53. Signs and symptoms of overexposure
Nausea
Pallor
Excessive tiredness
Weakness
22b

54. Signs and symptoms of overexposure
Insomnia
Headaches
Nervous irritability
Muscle and joint pain or soreness
22c

55. Signs and symptoms of overexposure
Fine tremors
Numbness
Dizziness
22d

56. Signs and symptoms of overexposure
Hyperactivity
Colic
22e

57. Summary of main points PEL and action level Exposure monitoring
Methods of compliance
Respiratory protection
23a

58. Summary of main points Protective work clothing and equipment
Housekeeping
Hygiene facilities and practices
Medical surveillance
23b

59. Summary of main points Medical removal protection Training
Warning signs
Recordkeeping
23c

60. Summary of main points Ways of entry into the body
Signs and symptoms of overexposure
Effects of overexposure
23d