1. Geography

2. 7 Continents Continent: Africa Antarctica Asia Australia Europe
One of several very large landmasses on earth.
Africa
Antarctica
Asia
Australia
Europe
North America
South America

4. 4 Major Oceans Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean
Earth’s biggest ocean
Located west of North/South America and east of Asia and Australia
Atlantic Ocean
Earth’s second largest ocean
Extends east of North/South America to Europe and Africa
Indian Ocean
Earth’s third largest ocean
Located east of Africa, south of Asia, west of Australia
Arctic Ocean
Located at the North Pole (Earth’s northern most tip) and extends to Northern shores of North America, Europe, Asia

6. 4 Hemispheres Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere
The Northern and Southern Hemisphere are divided by the equator.
Eastern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
The Eastern and Western Hemisphere are divided by the Prime Meridian
Hemisphere – Half of a sphere

7. Northern Hemisphere
Includes all of North America, tip of South America, 2/3 of Africa, all of Asia and Europe

8. Southern Hemisphere
Includes Antarctica, 1/3 Africa, most of South America and Australia.

9. Eastern Hemisphere
Includes all of the continents to the EAST of the Prime Meridian (Asia, Australia, ½ Antarctica, and most of Europe and Africa.

10. Western Hemisphere
Includes all of the continents WEST of the Prime Meridian (North America, South America, ½ Antarctica, and a small portion of Africa)

11. Cartography
The process of designing a map.

12. Cardinal Directions The most commonly used forms of direction
North, South, East, West
Can be located on a compass rose (tool used to display directions)
Directions such as northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest are known as intermediate directions.

13. Lines of Longitude and Latitude
Measure north and south of the equator.
Run east to west
Can be referred to as parallels
The Equator (divides Northern and Southern hemispheres) is located at 0˚ latitude.

14. Lines of Latitude and Longitude
Measure east and west of Prime Meridian
Run north to south
Can be referred to as meridians
The Prime Meridian (divides Eastern and Western hemispheres) is located at 0˚ longitude.

15. Why do we have seasons?

16. Summer/Winter Solstice
The longest day of the year – Usually occurs on June 21
Winter
The shortest day of the year – Usually occurs on December 21.

17. Why do we have seasons? The Earth’s tilt
When the Earth’s axis (the imaginary line that something rotates or turns around) is tilted towards the sun, it is summer for that hemisphere
When it’s tilted away from the sun, it’s winter.