1. PRELUDE TO THE CIVIL WAR
APUSH

2. The South thought that seceding from the Union would be easy….

3. Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural Address, On March 4, 1861, Lincoln stated that He…
Had no goal, lawful right or inclination “to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists.”
Would uphold the FSL because it was law
Didn’t recognize the constitutionality of secession. The union was deeper and more historic, & based on the AoC
Was committed to continuing services (e.g. mail) & controlling federal property in the 7 seceding states
Believed that separation into two countries won’t solve problems but only make them worse
Called for the North and South to remain friends and remember their shared history and love of union with the help of “the better angels of our nature”

4. Fort Sumter, SC
Lincoln announces that he’ll send provisions to Fort Sumter
April 12, SC attacks pre-emptively (before the fort is reinforced with supplies)
Lincoln asks for 75,000 militia volunteers to put down the insurrection
The Upper South secedes (VA, NC, AR, TN)
War is on!

5. Differences between the North and South (1860): Advantages & disadvantages

6. Population (1860) North South Total Pop. Free Pop.
Total Armed Forces Conscripted or Volunteers
19 million
9 million
18.6 million
5.4 million whites
132,000 blacks
2 million
Troops
(incl. 185,000
black soldiers)
800,000 total—
whites only from
5.5 million eligible

7. Farm Machinery, Firearms
Industry & Economics
North
South
Miles of RR Track
Basis of the Economy
Main Industries
Number of Factories
Number of Workers
22,000
9,000
Industry with
factory workers
Farming with
agricultural workers
Banking & Credit, Iron,
Farm Machinery, Firearms
Varied crops
Few Staple Crops:
Rice, Tobacco, Cotton
* Tredegar Iron Works
110,000
21,000
1.17 million
111,000

8. Livestock/Food North South Horses, Donkeys & Mules Milk cows &
Beef cattle
Sheep & swine
Corn, Wheat & Oats (bushels)
Cotton, Tobacco, Rice bushels/pounds
4.5 million
2.5 million
12.3 million
9.7 million
32.3 million
20.5 million
728 million
331 million
229 million
391 million

9. Paying for the War North South Value of Products Bank Deposits/ Specie
Taxes & War bonds
Printed Money
$162 million
$27 million
$207 million
$56 million
$47 million
$27 million
Needed to pay for 13%
↑ in federal expenditures
Not sufficient
Printing “greenbacks”
leads to
80% inflation
Inflation jumps
9,000%