1. Basics of Chemistry

2. Outline Matter Atoms Structure of Atoms Elements Periodic Table
Reading the Periodic Table
Compounds
Mixtures

3. Matter Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space
Examples -> rock, paper, scissors, lizard, Spock
Can be in 1 of 3 states (forms)
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Gas

4. Atoms Atoms: the building blocks of everything
All matter is made up of atoms
Atoms have 3 parts
Protons: have a positive charge (+)
Electrons: have a negative charge (-)
Neutrons: have a neutral charge (+/-)
The center of the atom is called the nucleus
Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus
Electrons are found around the nucleus

5. Structure of Atoms
Electron
Proton
Neutron

6. Elements
Element: anything that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Made up of only 1 kind of atom
The element oxygen is made up of only oxygen atoms, the element hydrogen is made up of only hydrogen atoms
99% of all living matter is made up of 6 elements
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S)

7. Elements Each element has its own characteristics
Can be a solid, liquid, or gas
Can have a unique color
Can have a unique odor (smell)

8. Periodic Table
Periodic table: chart used to organize the elements based on their characteristics

9. Reading the Periodic Table
Atomic Number
Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Weight
Symbol: abbreviation for element name
1st letter is capitalized ; 2nd letter is lowercase
Atomic number: number of protons
Atomic weight: average number of protons and neutrons

10. Compounds
Compound: 2 or more types of elements joined together chemically
Have properties (characteristics) different from the parts that make them up
Very hard to separate back into the original parts
Table Sugar - C12H22O11

11. Compounds
All compounds have formulas that tell which elements are in them
Tells the number of atoms of each element in the compound
Example -> H20 is water ; H2O2 is peroxide
Must have the exact elements and numbers from the formula to have that compound

12. How to Read Compound Formulas
Element Symbol
Element Symbol
H2O
Tells how many atoms
This is the formula for water
Shows that water is made up of 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom

13. Mixtures
Mixture: a combination of substances in which the individual substances keep their own properties (characteristics)
Combined together physically not chemically
Fairly easy to separate back into original substances
No formulas or amounts of the substances
Examples -> saltwater, chex mix, sandwich, salt and pepper